QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Question	Answer
what is a broad definition of a document?	a written text
what are examples of sources of documentary research?	historical documents such as declarations, statutes and laws, people's accounts of events and periods. mass media: magazines and newspapers government reports personal diaries and biographies novels, plays, drawings reports based on official statistics
what are the 2 ways of classifying different documents?	private and public solicited and unsolicited
what are the different degrees to classify access to documents?	public/ private 1.) closed (police documents) 2.) restricted (confidentiality & medical records) 3.) open-archive (census reports) 4.) open-published (govt budget statistics)
explain solicited and unsolicited documents?	some documents may be intentionally produced with the aim of the research, while others are for personal reasons. these unsolicited documents (diaries) are still addressed to an audience
conceptualizing documents for researchers means?	several ways that researchers conceptualize documents and frame their research questions accordingly
how to positivists conceptualize documents?	See documents such as news reports and criminal statistics to represent and objective reflection of reality. Documents account for social facts that exist independently of interpretations.
how do critical theorists conceptualize documents?	cannot read documents in a detached manner. begin with an analysis of common sense procedures that formulated the document. locates it on a social and political context. examines factors surrounding processes of its production and social context. rise above rules and particularity of context to produce an understanding and explanation of social, political and economic context. documents are viewed as media through which social mechanisms, structures and powers are expressed. They are approached in terms of the cultural and economic context in which they were written, and may be viewed as attempts at persuasion.
what are the problems or practical impediments to the research aims of collecting and analyzing documents?	lack of time, finance and resources. relevent data may not be available. gatekeepers restricting access. publication of material may be detrimental/unethical in memory of person. publication may cause political outcry. hard to read writing. historical or local documents may be damaged. hard to interpret abbreviations and code references.
assessing documents: what are the 4 criterias to assess the quality of evidence available from documentary resources?	Authenticity, Credibility, Representativeness, and meaning
what is authenticity?	obvious errors or not consistent with represntation. different versions of same document. internal inconsistencies in style, content and handwriting. document has been in the hands of a person with vested interest. version derives from a suspect secondary source. inconsistent in relation with other docs. too neat in terms of representative of a certain group of docs.
What is credibility?	extent to which evidence is undistorted and sincere, free from error and evasion. are people who record and translate reliable? how accurate were their observations and records? to achieve this, researchers must employ other sources and question political sympathies of the authors.
what is representativess?	issue of whether the document is typical depends on aim of research. if researcher aims to argue that a document is typical or is a typical method, then it's important to consider in order to demonstrate how one event predominated to the exclusion of others. untypical docs may of interest.
meaning refers to?	clarity and comprehnsibbility of a document. while meaning change the use of words change, social context enables understanding. meanings are divided into intended, recieved and conetnt/internal meaning
what is mixed methods?	Triangulation: the use 3 methods. one study from several angles.
what methods can be blended within mixed methods?	interviews, case studies, content analysis, ethnography, surveys, observations, database construction, etc.
what are the 3 types of combinations of methods?	pseudo-combination- 1 is main method, and the second is for interpretation and description. concurrent combination- both/all methods are used in the separate studies at the same time. sequential combination- one method is used before another. qual then qual
what is an example of mixed methods?	Tolman et al. can use narrative analysis, field notes and interview transcripts. key terms and phrases to form quan tables for analysis. created a unit of analysis for interview content and database. complex modelling- compare groups and generalizability.
advantages of mixed methods?	complement each other different view points of a research question increased validity different findings further research probing
why researchers don't use it?	natural leaning towards scientific method. mutually exclusive. cost. problem publishing. training or lack thereof in diff depts.
what is a case study?	case studies are not a research method, but an approach to research that involves a multitude of methods. not consistently used across and within disciplnes. can be theory based, descritive, problem based or explanatory.
what can case studies, study?	unit of analysis? individuals, society, events, programs/policy, institutions.
what methods can be used?	interviews, ethnography, content analysis, oral history, surveys and qual/quan
how do you decide which method to use in a case study?	depends on research questions and case that you're trying to get info/answer.
what are the 3 types of case studies?	Intrinsic: to understand the particular case hollistically instrumental: case studied to generalize of provide insight into a larger topic multiple: multiple cases studied together to investigate a larger phenomenon or population from which the cases are drawn
what is the continuum of perspectives on case study research?	generalizability transferability a focus on the particular
what are evaluations?	case studies of programs (uni of analysis), they are explanatory, they use multiple methods (quan/qual)

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	Created by Hanin Lewa about 6 years ago