1348674
Description
Flashcards by sophiewalkerrock, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sophiewalkerrock
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Delocalised Electrons | Electrons shared between more than two electrons |
| Addition Reaction | A reaction in which a reactant is addedd to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule |
| Substitution | A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms |
| Electrophile | An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
| Substitution Reaction | A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms |
| Electrophilic substitution | A type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
| Reaction mechanism | A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction |
| Curly Arrow | A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds |
| Functional Group | The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions |
| Electronegativity | A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond |
| Stem | The longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule |
| Suffix | The part of the name added after the stem |
| Redox Reaction | One in which both oxidation and reduction take place |
| Reflux | The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry |
| Nucleophile | An atom or group of atoms attracted to and electron-deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
| Esterification | The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water |
| Hydrolysis | A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds |
| Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues |
| High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) | Removes cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation |
| Peptide | A compound made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| Zwitterion | A dipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. Because both charges are present, there is no overall charge. |
| Isoelectric Point | The pH value at which the amino acid exists as a zwitterion. |
| Peptide | A compound containing amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The number of amino acids is often idicated by the prefix di-, tri-, or tetra- |
| Condensation Reaction | One in which two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such as water. |
| Hydrolysis | Involves the breaking of a bond by reaction with water. Hydrolysis can be catalysed by acid of alkali |
| Stereoisomers | Species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space. |
| Chiral Carbon | A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or group of atoms |
| Optical Isomers (or enantiomers) | Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other |
| Repeat Unit | The specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are included in brackets, outside which is the letter n. |
| Biodegradable Polymer | A polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water. |
| Degradable Polymer | A polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat or moisture. |
| Pharmacological Activity | The beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter |
| Phase | A physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of ordinary matter. |
| Mobile Phase | The phase that moves in chromatography |
| Stationary Phase | The phase that does not move in chromatography |
| Chromatogram | A visible record of separation of the components of a mixture by chromatography |
| Rf | Distance moved by component |
| Retention Time | In gas chromatography is the time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector |
| Chemical Shift | A scale that compares the frquency of an NMR absorption with the frequency of the reference peak of TMS at oppm |
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