14056002
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Huber, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jennifer Huber
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What type of drugs can have CSF absorption? | restricted to nonionized, lipid soluble drugs |
| Albumin effects on medication | binds drugs PCN and Warfarin 90% bound |
| Sulfonamides effect on bilirubin | will displace unconjugated bilirubin from albumin in newborns (therefore avoid in newborns or they can develop kernicterus) |
| Where are tetracycline and heavy metals stored? | stored in bone |
| 0 order kinetics | constant amount of drug is eliminated regardless of dose |
| 1st order kinetics | drug eliminated proportional to dose |
| # of half-lives for drug to reach steady state | 5 |
| What is Volume of Distribution? | amount of drug in body divided by amount of drug in plasma or blood the higher the number, higher conc in extravascular compartment |
| What is bioavailability? | fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation assumed to be 100% in IV drugs |
| ED50 | Drug level at which desired effect occurs in 50% of patients |
| LD50 | drug level at which death occurs in 50% of patients |
| What is Tolerance? | decline in potency with continued use |
| What is Tachyphylaxis? | Tolerance of a drug only after a few doses |
| What is Potency? | dose required for effect |
| What is efficacy? | ability to achieve result without untoward effect |
| Phase I Drug metabolism | demethylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis reactions mixed function oxidases, requires NADPH/oxygen |
| Phase II Drug Metabolism | Glucuronic acid and sulfates attached (forms water-soluble metabolite) usually inactive and ready for excretion, deconjugation in intestines |
| Inhibitors of P450 | cimetidine, isoniazid, ketoconazole, erythromycin, Cipro, Flagyl, allopurinol, verapamil, amiodarone, MAO-I, disulfiram |
| Inducers of P450 | cruciform vegetables, ETOH, cigarette smoke, phenobarbital, barbituates, Dilantin, Theophylline, Warfarin |
| What are Polar Drugs? | Ionized water soluble more likely to eliminated unaltered |
| What are nonpolar drugs? | non-ionized, fat soluble more likely to be metabolized before excretion |
| Causes of Gout | caused by uric acid build-up negatively birefringent crystals end product of purine metabolism |
| Podagra | gout that affects the big toe 1st MTP joint space 50% of gout cases |
| Colchicine | anti-inflammatory binds tubulin and inhibits migration (chemotaxis) of WBCs for gout |
| Indomethacin | NSAID; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor for Gout |
| Allopurinol | xanthine oxidase inhibitor blocks uric acid formation from xanthine for Gout |
| Probenecid | Increases Renal Secretion of Uric Acid Treats gout |
| Cholestyramine | binds bile acids in gut forces body to resynthesize bile acids from cholesterol. thereby lowering body cholesterol; can bind vitamin K |
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors side effects | Statins can cause liver dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis |
| MoA of Niacin side effect and its treatment | inhibits cholesterol synthesis can cause flushing Tx with ASA |
| Metoclopramide | Reglan, prokinetic inhibits dopamine receptors can increase gastric acid and gut motility |
| Alvimopan | prokinetic antagonist to mu-opioid receptor for post-op ileus |
| Loperamide | slows gut motility agonist to mu-receptors |
| Lomotil | Diphenoxylate/Atropine slows gut; agonist to opioid receptors |
| Promethazine & s/e | Phenergan, antiemetic inhibits dopamine receptors s/e: tardive dyskinesia (tx w/ benadryl) |
| Ondansetron | Zofran, antiemetic central acting serotonin receptor inhibitor |
| Omeprazole | PPI Blocks H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells |
| Cimetidine/Ranitidine | Histamine H2 receptor blockers decrease acid in stomach |
| MoA Octreotide | long-acting somatostatin analogue, decreased gut secretions |
| Digoxin MoA and effect on heart | Inhibits Na/K ATPase and increases myocardial calcium Slows AV conduction, Inotrope decreased blood flow to intestines |
| Side effects of Digoxin | may cause mesenteric ischemia vision changes (yellow hue) arrhythmias, fatigue worse if HypoK |
| Amiodarone use and side effects | good for acute atrial and ventricular arrhythmias s/e: pulmonary fibrosis, hypo- hyperthyroidism, Blue Man, peripheral neuropathy, hepatic dysfxn |
| Used to treat Torsades de pointes | Magnesium |
| Adenosine Use | treatment of stable narrow-complex SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia) |
| Best single agent shown to improve survival in patients with CHF | ACE inhibitors |
| Medication that may reduce risk of MI and atrial fibrillation postoperatively | beta-blockers |
| Best single agent to improve survival after MI | Beta-blockers |
| Atropine MoA and effect | Acetylcholine Antagonist increases HR |
| Metyrapone & Aminoglutethimide MoA and when to use it | inhibit adrenal steroid synthesis in patients with adrenocortical CA |
| Leuprolide MoA and use | Analogue of GnRH and LHRH inhibits release of LH and FSH from pituitary when given continuously (paradoxic effect) for metastatic prostate cancer |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax) | alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist used for BPH |
| Nonselective COX inhibitors What are they? What do they do? | indomethacin, ibuprofen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and decreases mucus and HCO3 secretion, increases acid production constricts renal afferent arterioles |
| Selective COX2 Inhibitors what is it? MoA | Celecoxib only binds inducible cyclooxygenase 2 fewer GI side effects increased risk for cardiovascular events |
| What is Misoprostol? who to use it in? | PGE1 derivative protective prostaglandin used to prevent peptic ulcer disease consider use in patients on chronic NSAIDs |
| Haldol MoA and s/e | antipsychotic inhibits dopamine receptors can cause extrapyramidal effects (tx with benadryl) |
| Side effects of Furosemide | metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, ototoxicity |
| MoA and side effects of spironolactone | inhibits aldosterone s/e: overdiuresis, hyperK, metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia |
| Infliximad (Remicade) MoA, Use, Side effects | antibody to TNF-alpha For IBD Risk of TB activation can develop CHF |
| ASA poisoning | tinnitus, HAs, nausea and vomiting 1st: respiratory alkalosis 2nd: metabolic acidosis |
| Side effects of Gadolinium | Nausea can cause acute renal failure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis |
| MC side effect of Iodine contrast | Nausea |
| MC side effect requiring medical treatment that occurs with iodine contrast | dyspnea |
| Treatment for Tylenol Overdose | N-acetylcysteine |
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