separating mixtures

Description

• 1.3: separating mixtures • 1.4: fractional distillation/paper chromatography
Farha Idrees
Flashcards by Farha Idrees, updated more than 1 year ago
Farha Idrees
Created by Farha Idrees almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? a compound is joined by a chemical bond whereas a mixture is purely physical
How can mixtures be separated? • filtration • crystallisation • distillation • chromatography
filtration • separating an insoluble solid from a liquid, ie. sand from water • the sand trapped is the residue and the water passing through is the filtrate
crystallisation • separating a soluble solid from a liquid, ie. salt from water • a water bath can be used or the solution can be left to evaporate at room temperature
distillation • separating two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points, ie. water from ethanol • the mixture is heated then the ethanol evaporates and cools in the condenser and is then collected as a pure liquid
Define miscible and immiscible liquids. immiscible: liquids that do not dissolve into each other, ie. oil and water miscible: liquids that do dissolve into each other, often separated using fractional distillation
fractional distillation • used if the boiling points of the two liquids are close, with a fractionating column
chromatography • a separation technique used to separate and identify components of a coloured compound, ie. inks, dyes, colouring agents • as the solvent rises up the chromatogram, the dyes are separated, with different dyes travelling different distances up the paper
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