Exam 1 Study Guide

Question	Answer
Name two important technological inventions of the late 1800s that were influential to the creation of early electronic music.	Telephone, Phonograph
Luigi Russolo is known for his design and creation of what instrument?	Intonarumori
Luigi Russolo wrote his manifesto titled ______________________________ in 1913.	Art of Noises
Luigi Russolo is often regarded as one of the first ______________________________ composers.	Noise music
Who invented the Telharmonium?	Cahill
The Telharmonium transmitted to the listener’s home music through ______________________________.	Telephone Wires
Briefly describe how the Theremin is played.	One hand controls pitch, one hand controls volume, you don’t touch the instrument
What was another name for an early Theremin?	Ether phone
______________________________ was a Theremin virtuoso and she toured as a recitalist on the instrument.	Clara Rockmore
The Ondes Martenot is an offspring of what other electronic music instrument?	Theremin
Briefly describe the design/construction of the Ondes Martenot.	Keyboard, ring controller to change pitch, button for sound
The Ondes Martenot has seen a revival in its use due to the efforts of ______________________________, the guitarist for the band ______________________________.	Johnny Greenwood, Radiohead
John Cage studied music composition primarily with what famous modern classical music composer?	Arnold Schonberg
Cage studied and was influenced by the philosophy and religion of ______________________________.	Zen Buddhism
John Cage would often use the ancient Chinese divination book called ______________________________ in his compositional methods.	E ching
Name one of John Cage’s musical inventions?	Water gong, prepared piano
Cage is famous for saying “try as we may to make a ___________________________________, we cannot.”	Silence
John Cage is known for his indeterminate compositions. Another term for this is ______________________________.	Aleatoric music
John Cage is cited as one of the first composers to write ______________________________ music, which combines the use of electronic devices with traditional musical instruments.	Electroacoustic
Poéme Èlectronique was composed for what international event?	1958 World’s Fair Brussels
There were more than __________ speakers in the walls of the Philips Pavilion for the first performance of Poéme Èlectronique.	400
Varèse is also known for his works for percussion ensemble including Ionisation, which introduced the ______________________________ as a musical instrument.	Siren
Varèse was, at one point, very unhappy with his music leading to a __________ year hiatius.	20
______________________________ is defined as the character or quality of a musical sound or voice as distinct from its pitch or intensity.	Timbre
Musique concrète can be based on sounds that are ______________________________ or ______________________________.	Real, electronic
Pierre Schaeffer thought that composers should stop working as artists and creators and instead become ______________________________ of sound and acoustics.	Researchers
Pierre Schaeffer saw musique concrète as a sonic analog to ______________________________.	Photography
Hugh LeCaine’s Dripsody is composed from a single audio sample of what sound?	Drop of Water
Dripsody is mostly based around what musical scale?	Pentatonic
What is the name of the early synthesizer invented by Hugh LeCaine?	Electric sackbut
Xannis Xenakis’ Concret PH is composed from audio samples of what sound?	Burning charcoal
Concret PH was composed for what international event?	1958 World Fair, Brussels
Xenakis also had a career in what other field?	Architecture
Xenakis created music based on mathematics and probability called ______________________________ music.	Stochastic
Karlheinz Stockhausen appears on the cover of what popular music album?	Sargent Pepper and the Lonely Heart Club Band
Stockhausen’s experiments in Elektronische Musik were pieces of music made from ______________________________ sounds.	Electronically produced synthetic sounds
Name one of the many styles of modern composition that Stockhausen used in his music.	Pointillism, serialism, indeterminate
Name the polarizing composer that made controversial statements about the 9/11 tragedy.	Stockhausen
Name one of the four men that founded the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.	Milton Babbit, Ussachzevsky, Leuning, Roger Sessions
Music from the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center was mainly composed on what instrument?	RCA Mark II electronic music synthesizer
The Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center was founded by a grant from what foundation?	Rockafeller
The Mark II Sound Synthesizer was operated using the _____________________________ method similar to a player piano.	Punch card
Otto Luening and Valdimir Ussachevsky were professors at what university?	Columbia University
Otto Luening’s composition Low Speed uses recorded improvisations of a ______________________________ that are to be played back and performed over in a live setting.	Flute improvisation
Milton Babbitt’s work Philomel uses the compositional technique of ______________________________, a style that seeks to structure and control every element of pitch, rhythm, dynamics and articulation.	Serialism
Steve Reich is one of the pioneers of musical ______________________________.	Minimalism
Steve Reich’s particular style of composing used in such pieces as Come Out, and Pendulum Music involves repetitions of sound that goes in and out of ______________________________.	Phase
Minimalism is described as a compositional practice that relies heavily on ______________________________.	Repetition
Reich stated, “I do not mean the process of composition, but rather pieces of music that are, literally, _____________________________.	Processes
What is the occupation of the person whose voice is heard in the composition It’s Gonna Rain?	Preacher
Steve Reich is originally from ______________________________.	New York

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