HSE204 - Study Area 1, Topic 3 - Changes in learning and transfer of learning

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Deakin 2014
rob.nash1984
Flashcards by rob.nash1984, updated more than 1 year ago
rob.nash1984
Created by rob.nash1984 over 9 years ago
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Fitt's and Posner's 3 Stage Model of Skill Learning 1. Cognitive Stage 2. Associative Stage 3. Autonomous Stage
1. Cognitive Stage (Fitts & Posner) High cognitive activity; Trying to understand activity; Dealing with instruction and feedback
2. Associative Stage (Fitts & Posner) Begins to refine motor skills; Associates environmental cues to movements; Can detect and correct errors
3. Autonomous Stage (Fitts & Posner) Skill is almost automatic; Cognitive activity reduced; Consistant performance; Error detection improved
Gentile's 2 Stage Model of Learning (Closed Skill) Understanding skill; differentiation between regulatory/non-reg conditions; basic movement pattern V Fixation; Refinement of movement
Gentile's 2 Stage Model of Learning (Open Skill) 1. Understanding skill; differentiation between regulatory/non-reg conditions; basic movement pattern V 2. Diversification; Adapting basic movement pattern
Changes that occur when a skill is learnt 1. Diminishing improvement; 2. Movement coordination; 3. Movement pattern; 4. Efficient muscle & energy use; 5. Visual selective attention; 6. Error detection & correction; 7. Expertise
Transfer of Learning Transfer of a learnt skill to another situation or skill
Positive Transfer of Learning Previous experience improves performance of another skill
Negative Transfer of Learning Previous experience hiders performance of a skill Eg - Driving on the right side of the road
Zero Transfer of Learning Previous experience has no effect on new skill Eg - Using a phone and drinking water
Near (Generalised) Transfer of Learning Overlap between situations, original and transfer contexts are similar.
Far Transfer of Learning Little overlap between situations, original and transfer settings are dissimilar.
Identical Elements Theory (Thorndike) The number of identical elements between two skills determines amount and direction of transfer
Transfer Appropriate Processing Theory (Lee) Transfer occurs when cognitive processes are similar.
Bilateral Transfer Transfer of a skill occurs from either limb to the other
Asymmetric Transfer When more transfer occurs from one limb than from another limb
Symmetric Transfer When transfer occurs equally well regardless of which limb it is
Bilateral Transfer - Cognitive Learning Explanation Cognitive information is transferred; Knowing what to do
Bilateral Transfer - Motor Program Explanatiion 1. Generalised Motor Program - The learner can use the same for both limbs. 2. Dynamic Pattern Theory - The pattern learned is not limb specific.
Spillover Effect Transmission of neural activity spills over to the contralateral side via the corpus collosum
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