14611321
Description
Flashcards by Nora Euler, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nora Euler
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How are neurons specialized for communication? | Answer: - Extensive branching: axons and dendrites - Gap junctions (rare) - vesicles containing neurotransmitters |
| Is the size of an organisms genome a good predictor of the organisms complexity? | Answer: Size of the genome can suggest the complexity of an organism, but isn't it its own the factor that determines it. What determines the complexity is usually the number of active introns (mRNA) that regulates the activation and repression of genes. |
| What is the morphology of a nerve cell? | Draw it. |
| What are the main types of glial cells, and what is the main function of each? Glia outnumber neurons in the brain, yet neurons are the predominant focus of neuroscience textbooks. Why? | 1. Astrocytes: - Starlike appearance - Important for maintaining the metabolic balance in neural cells for signaling. 2. Oligodendrocytes (Schwann cells) - Myelinate axons -Faster transmission 3. Microglia - Some neurobiologist prefer to refer to microglia as a type of macrophage - from hemapoietic precursor -scavanger cells -secrete signaling molecules such as cytokines- influence cell survival or death (+) Glia Stem Cells - stemlike properties - Subventricular zone (SVZ): astrocytes - Gray matter: oligodendrocytes |
| What does AFFERENT Neurons mean? | Nerve cells that carry information from the periphary toward the brain or spinal cord. |
| What does efferent mean? | Nerve cells that carry information from the brain or spinal cord to the periphary. |
| What are the simple constitutes of a neural circuite? | Afferent (to the brain), efferent (from the brain), interneurons (in between) |
| Describe how the myotic reflex, "knee-jerk" works? | Describe with drawing. |
| What does topographic maps mean? | Topographic maps, is a way that for example visual and touch sensory perception processes information: "point-to-point", comparing stimulus with neighbouring senses on body or visual field. |
| What is a computational map? | Sensory information is presented in an orderly way. |
| What does anterograde and retrograde mean? | Neural circuits: anterograde: source--> terminus retrograde: terminus-->source |
| Techniques to study the neural circuits? | Answer: - General staining - Antibody staining -Imaging |
| Imaging techniques, which are there and describe them. | - CT: Computerized tomography Functional imaging: x-ray beam and on opposite side a detector (70s) - PET: Positron emission tomography, radioactive label injection- decays with time, when two targets are 180 degrees from each other- can detect. -SPECT: Single-photon emission computerized tomography, similar to PET but detect photons instead. fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging (oxygen-hemoglobin concentration, the magnetic properties- detect areas of higher blood flow, hence more active) |
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