1500917
Description
Flashcards by aquarose525, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by aquarose525
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Social factors believed to cause or affect delinquent behaviors | *interpersonal interactions *community ecological conditions *social change *socioeconomic status *racial disparity |
| 3 main sociological theoretical theories: | *social structure *social process *critical theories |
| Social structure theories | *social disorganization *anomie/strain *cultural deviance |
| Social Structure Theories tie delinquency to: | *socioeconomic conditions *cultural Values *demographics *social control |
| Social Disorganization | *Chicago School *Transitional Neighborhood *Cultural Transmission *Social Control -(absence) |
| Chicago School (Social Disorganization) | *Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay |
| Transitional Neighborhoods (social disorganization) | *high crime and delinquent rates *areas changed from affluence to decay (rich move out when crime increases) *teenage gangs developed as a means of survival, defense, and friendship |
| Cultural Transmission (social disorganization) | *the process of passing on deviant traditions and delinquent values from one generation to the next |
| Social Control (social disorganization) | *ABSENT* *an organized community has the ability to regulate itself via formal/informal social control *informal social control not present (leads to) few opportunities; locked into poverty |
| Informal social control | Family, school, neighbors |
| Anomie/ Straying Theory | A condition caused by the failure to achieve one's social goals |
| Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) | *without acceptable means for obtaining success, individuals feel social and psychological strain *consequently, these youths may use deviant methods to achieve their goals and substitute deviant ones |
| Robert Agnew | *general Strain Theory |
| General Strain Theory | Links delinquency to the strain of being locked out of the economic mainstream, which leads to anger and frustration |
| 3 Sources of Strain (anomie/strain) | *failure to achieve positively valued goals *removal of positively values stimuli *presentation of negative stimuli |
| Negative Affect States (anomie/strain) | *anger, depression, disappointment, fear, other adverse emotions that derive from strain |
| Cultural deviance Theory | *links delinquency to the formation of delinquent subcultures with a unique set of values that clash with the mainstream culture *by joining gangs, lower class youths are rejecting culture that has already rejected them *they may be failures in a conventional society, but they are kings and queens in their own neighborhoods |
| Social Process Theories | *social learning *social control *labeling theory |
| socialization | The process of learning the values and norms of the society or subculture to which the individual belongs *early socialization experience have a lifelong influence on self-image, values, and behaviors |
| Major influences on a child's socialization: | *family relationships *school (teachers) *peers (relationships) |
| Parental efficacy | Parents who are supporting and effectively controlling children in non-coercive fashions |
| Social Learning Theory | *delinquency is developed by learning the values and behaviors associated with criminal activities >>>children are 'good' and learn to be 'bad' :: improper socialization |
| Differential Association Theory (social learning theory) | *Edward Sutherland *the criminal behavior is learned primarily in interpersonal groups *children are socialized, exposed to, and learn pro-social and antisocial attitudes and behaviors from peers, parents, nd so on *when prodelinquency definition will engage in antisocial behavior |
| Social control Theory | *suggestion that the cause of delinquency resides in the strength of the relationships a child forms with conventional individuals and groups |
| Travis Hirsch- Causes of Delinquency (social control theory) | *his assumption included four main elements : *attachment *commitment *involvement *belief |
| Social Reaction/Labeling Theory | *delinquency is caused by 'stigma' by agents of social control, including official and unofficial institutions |
| Labeling Theory | *If deviant behavior is detected and punished, the result is a negative label, stigmatizing and encouraging them to accept this negative personal identity *identifies the role played by social control agents *focuses on social interactions *helps explain the onset of and continuation of a delinquency carreer |
| self-labeling | The process by which a person who has been negatively labeled accepts the label as a personal role or identity |
| Control Theory | *society is in constant state f internal conflict *the law and justice system are vehicles for maintaining the status of the rich and impose their standard of good behavior on the entire society *the poor may or may not commit more crimes than the rich, but they se certainly arrested more often *views that delinquent behavior as a function of the capitalist system's inherent inequality |
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