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| Question | Answer |
| What is the definition of Ethology? | the study of animal behavior |
| How does Ethology define communication? | an action or condition on the part of the organism that alters the behavior of another organism in an adaptive way |
| What is Communication? | A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior |
| Why do insects communicate? | To communicate their presence to others |
| What is intra specific communication? | same species communication |
| What are some examples of intra specific communication? | mating, sharing resources, regulating territory (etc). |
| What is interspecific communication? | Communication between different species |
| What is an example of interspecific communication? | typically and largely defense |
| What are the three different Communication Modes of Insects | Visual, Sound, Chemical |
| What are the advantages to Visual Communication? | Effective over long distances, fast (speed of light), effective in all directions, passive signals require no expenditure of energy, |
| What are the disadvantages of Visual Communication? | Requires a clear line of sight Exposes "you" to predators unafraid of eating you only effective in daylight Active signals may require fuel |
| *MT: What makes ants taste bad? | Formic Acid |
| What UV spectrum can insects see? | 300 nm to 650 nm |
| Why can't insects see red? | red is 800nm which is out of range in vision for insects |
| What wavelength do humans see? | 400nm to 800nm |
| What are Nectar guides? | Nectar guides are UV pigment a flower has to guide insects to it's nectar. |
| How did Karl von Frisch insects cannot see red? | He put out sugar troughs and put out red and blue cards, the bees could only be trained to go to the blue cards |
| What also changes an insects sight? | The insects compound eye Makes insect see as if they are seeing through stained glass |
| What is an example of a Passive Visual Signal in insects | Alternating colors of light and dark signal to predators that an insect tastes bad |
| What are the different types of Mimicry in Insects? | Camoflauge, Batesian Mimicry, Mullerian Mimicry, and Aggresive Mimicry |
| What is Batesian Mimicry? | the model bug is toxic the mimic is not |
| What is Mullerian Mimicry | Both the model and the mimic are toxic |
| What is an Aggressive Mimic? | Predators share the same characteristics as a harmless species |
| What is an Acoustic Aggressive Mimic? | An aggressive mimic will make a mating call of it's prey to draw in prey |
| Why do fireflies create light? | visual communication, mate attraction, and defense from predators |
| How do fireflies create light? | the enzyme luciferase acts on luciferin, w/ magnesium ions, ATP, and oxygen The light is not hot |
| Are fireflies flies? | No fireflies are beetles |
| What are the advantages of Insect Sounds? | not limited by environmental barriers, effective over distances and around corners highly variable fast changing works at night |
| What are the disadvantages of Insect Sound | may reveal location of sender to a predator less effective in noisy environments may use up physical energy |
| What are the 5 types of ways insects make sounds? | Stridulation Knocking or Tapping Vibrating Membranes Hissing Wing Vibration |
| What type of Sound is Insect Stridulation? | rubbing body parts to make sound (Orthopetra) |
| What type of Sound is Insect Knocking or Tapping? | Insects knocking body parts against something else to make sound |
| What type of Sound is Insect Vibrating Membranes? | Vibrating membranes mannn |
| What type of sound is Hissing? | Insects force air through their spiracles resulting in a hissing sound (Hissing Cockroach) |
| What sort of insect sound is wing vibration? | The vibrating and thus buzzing of wings bees, flies, Lepidoptera |
| What are insect sounds for? | territoriality, attracting a mate, and defense |
| What are the advantages of Chemical Communication in Insects? | not limited by environmental barriers effective over distances and around corners effective in day and night longer lasting than visual or auditory signals Doesn't take up a lot of energy |
| What is the on disadvantage of Chemical Communication? | Not effective in Wind |
| What are pheromones? | volatile chemicals produced by glands |
| What are the 5 different types of Pheromones? | sex trail marking (ants) Aggregation (bark beetles) caste regulation (social) Alarm (aphids, bees) |
| Pheromones are typically ____ specific | intra-specific within the species |
| What gender typically produces Pheromones? | Females |
| Who figured out the "dance" of the Honey Bee? | Karl von Frisch |
| Describe the Honey Bee Dance | *Honey Bees dance in a figure 8 *extended mid wiggle to explain how long it took to get to the flower *the angle of rotation to the sun locates where the flower is *if the flower is close circular |
| Describe the key characteristics of the Honey Bee Dance | tactile odors visual auditory |
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