16201221
Description
Flashcards by livia riding, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by livia riding
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| solute | the solid being dissolved |
| solvent | the liquid the solute dissolves into |
| Chromatography | Used to separate mixtures of coloured compounds e.g inks or dyes |
| Steps of chromatography | Draw a pencil line 1cm from bottom Place spot of mixtures Place it upright in the solvent Different components of the mixtures will move at different rates |
| Fractional distillation | Separating a mixture of liquids into fractions with different boiling points |
| Steps of fractional distillation | Heat the mixture Evaporate oil Cools and condense |
| Steps of cracking | High temperatures and a catalyse Thermal decomposition occurs |
| cracking | braking down hydrocarbons to produse smaller more usefull molecules |
| Green house effect | Electromagnet radiation passes through the earth Earth absorbed radiation and warms up Earth radiates energy as infra red radiation Some infra red radiation does into space some is absorbed by green house gasses in the atmosphere The lowers atmosphere warms up |
| Earths atmosphere | 80% nitrogen 20% oxygen Small amounts of : Carbon dioxide , water vapour and Nobel gasses |
| Earths early atmosphere | During first billion years there was intense volcanic activity that released the gasses forming the earths early atmosphere the water vapour cooled and condensed to form the oceans |
| Early atmosphere was like | Venus or mars today |
| Main gasses in early atmosphere was | Carbon dioxide Methane Ammonia Water vapour |
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| Pollutants | Addition of substances to the environment that may be harmful to living organisms |
| Crude oil | Mixture of a large number of compounds mostly made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only most of these are saturated hydrocarbons called alkanes |
| Mining advantages | Creates jobs Huge demands for the products Provides income to the locals |
| Disadvantage of mining | Wildlife habitats are destroyed Noise pollution Dust Visual pollution |
| Extracting metals | Mining |
| Displacement | Chemical reaction when a more reactive element displaced a less reactive element from its compound |
| What atoms are made up of | Atoms have a very small nucleus made up of protons and neutrons Around the nucleus are electrons |
| Charge of atom | Atoms have no overall charge they are neutral because the number of electrons are equal to the number of protons |
| Mass number | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Developing periodic table | JHON NEWLANDS Put elements in order of their atom in weight he found that every 8th element was similar . His pattern only worked for the first 15 elements , he assumed all elements had been found |
| Developing periodic table | DIMITRI MENDALEEV Tried putting elements in order of their atomic weight . Elements that were in a similar column could line up in columns . When he pattern began to go wrong he would leave gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted their properties |
| Group 1 | Alkali metals with low density , they react with non metals to form ionic compounds . Further down the group elements are more reactive |
| Group 7 | Halogens . React with metals to form ionic compounds , they are non metals . Molecules made up of pair of atoms , further down the group elements are less reactive |
| Group 0 | Noble gasses . Very unreachable because atoms are stable , all have 8 electrons on their outer most shell apart from helium that has 2 . Atomic mass goes up as go down the table so there boiling points increases |
| Ionic bonding | Iona are formed where atoms transfer electrons between two opposite charges electrons |
| Covalent bonding | When atoms shake pairs of electrons they form covalent bonds |
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