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Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Johnson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Johnson
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Plato 'the body is a source of endless trouble' The Republic 400 BC | - dualist - he contrasted the flux and change of the empirical world of sense experience with the perfection of the world of forms - Plato said that bodies are composite and souls are non-material - humans have metaphysical counterparts that do not decay or change |
| Aristotle 'it is clear that the soul is inseparable from the body' 300 BC | - monist - the soul is an essence of a human being, which is distinct but also inseparable from the material body - he used the example of an eye, sight is the soul - the soul is what animates you |
| Descartes (dualism) The argument from doubt Meditations on First Philosophy | - religious - matter is RES EXTENSA and mind is RES COGNITA - argument from doubt: I can doubt that my body exists but I can not doubt that i am a thinking being, therefore I am not identical with my body |
| Descartes (dualism) The argument from divisibility and non-divisibility 'There is a great difference between the mind and the body' | - all bodies are extended in space and so are divisible - minds are not extended in space so are not divisible - MINDS are therefore RADICALLY DIFFERENT from BODIES |
| Descartes (dualism) The argument from clear and distinct perception | - I have a clear, distinct idea of MYSELF as a NON-EXTENDED thing - I also have a clear idea of my BODY as a NON-THINKING thing - So I and my body exist apart from each other - So I am DISTINCT from my body |
| Issues with Descartes' dualism Gilbert Ryle | - Descartes makes a category mistake, the mind should not be expected to be found over and above the rest of the body 'It is one big mistake' - uni - HUME- thinking can not tell us what is actually the case |
| Descartes (interactionism) (For a body/soul relationship) | - the body and soul interacted in the pineal gland - ISSUES- saying where interactionism might take place does not HOW a non-physical mind can interact with a physical brain |
| Physicalism (there is no body/soul relationship) | - there is no relationship, because there is no soul - reductive philosophy: 'mind' reduces to brain and physicalism uses dementia as an example that the brain must BE in the mind - functionalism -input-function-output |
| Is dualism still a valid option? | - it is still popular in religion - NDEs - Thomas Nagel (FOR dualism)- What is it like to be a bat? |
| Dual-aspect monism | - the mind and brain are 2 aspects of the same substance |
| Personal identity as PHYSICAL | - involves spatio-temporal continuity of the body and brain |
| Derek Parfit Bundle Theory | - we continue to exist through other people, like family and friends - persons do not live on after death |
| Daniel Dennet | - uploading on to another platform -' the program that runs on your brains computer' |
| Reincarnation of the soul | - past-life recall and past-life regression - Ian Stevenson |
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