17165416
Description
Flashcards by Michelle Gonzalez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michelle Gonzalez
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Generation and crosses | P1 F1 F2 True Breeding/Line breeding Backcross |
| P1 | Parental generation- First generation both homozygous |
| F1 | First Filial Generation All heterozygotes |
| F2 | Second filial Generation 3:1 phenotypic ratio 1:2:1 genotypic ratio |
| Back-cross | (line breeding) heterozygote bred to parent or genotypic equivalent to promote homozygosity |
| True breeding | Homozygous |
| Mendels model | Genes do not blend together Peas have two versions of each gene Each Gamete contains one allele of each gene Males and females contribute equally Some alleles are dominant to others |
| Mendels First three postulates | Unit factor in pairs. Dominant and recessive ness Segregation |
| Independent assortment | All possible gametic combinations are formed with equal probability |
| PHenotype | OUtward physical manifestation |
| Genotype | The genetic blueprint of an individual; underlying genetic makeup responsible for the trait |
| Gene | The structure of DNA that determines the expression of a trait. |
| Allele | One of the two alternative forms of a gene that have the same location on homologous chromosomes but may be responsible for alternate forms/appearance |
| Dominant | Mode of inheretence; suppressive; always expresses phenotype |
| Recessive | Mode of inheretence; Masked by dominant |
| Mendels law of segregation | Each individual has two alleles The two alleles segregate to different gametes Each gamete contains one allele of each gene |
| Genotypic ratio (dihybrid cross) | 1:2:2:1:4:1:2:2:1 |
| Phenotypic ratio (dihybrid cross) | 3:1 |
| Chi square analysis | 1) outcomes of independant assortment are random 2) increasing sample size decreases deviation |
| Chi square | Null: assume it will fit a ratio |
| Chi square formula | x2 = sum o-e^2 / e |
| Pedigree analysis | trace inheretence |
| coefficient of relatedness | first cousins share 1/8 of alleles .5 *.5*.5 |
| Pedigree of autosomal recessive | Both males and females Both parents must carry If neither parent has the phenotype then it is recessive |
| Pedigree autosomal dominant | affected individuals have at least one infected parent generally appears every generation Two unaffected parents only have unaffected offspring |
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