175984
Description
Flashcards by angela.dennis22, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by angela.dennis22
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Maxilla | upper jaw |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| True or False The maxilla is one continuous bone | False The maxilla is composed of 2 maxilla bones |
| True or False The mandible is composed of one bone | True |
| Diphyodont | Having two sets of teeth |
| Primary Dentition are teeth that will | shed or exfoliate |
| Another term(s) for the primary dentition are | Deciduous or baby teeth |
| Secondary dentition is also called | permanent dentition |
| Home many teeth compose the primary dentition | 20 |
| How many teeth compose the secondary dentition | 32 |
| what are the four parts of tooth composition | enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp |
| anatomic crown | portion of the tooth covered by enamel |
| clinical crown | portion of the tooth visible in the oral cavity above the attached periodontal tissue |
| anatomical root | portion of the tooth covered by cementum |
| clinical root | portion of the tooth imbedded in bone |
| when discussing the clinical and anatomical portion of teeth the only time the clinical term cannot be seen on exam is when referring to the | clinical root |
| True or False For those with healthy gum tissue when discussing anatomical and clinical portion of the crown and root are the same | true for those with gum recession the anatomical and clinical portion of the crown and root are different |
| apex | end of the tooth root |
| apical | of or pertaining to the apex |
| This hard calcified tissue that covers the dentin of the crown portion of the tooth and is the hardest tissue in the body, is called the | enamel |
| This calcified tissue that makes up the body of the tooth, is found under the enamel and cementum. It is also softer than enamel and harder than cementum and is called | dentin |
| a specialized calcified connective tissue covering the anatomic root of the tooth. it is a very special tissue that helps hold the tooth in the bone, and is called | cementum |
| this is a cervical line form by the junction of the enamel and cementum of the tooth | cementoenamel junction |
| This narrowed region of the tooth where the crown and the root meet (the junction of the crown and root) is called the | cervix |
| This is the living part of the tooth, the vascular connective tissue contained within the pulp cavity and canals of the tooth. | Pulp |
| this large area containing pulpal tissue is mainly in the coronal portion of the tooth. It's roof is its occlusal or incisal boarder and its floor is at the cervical portion with openings for each root canal, it is called the | pulp chamber |
| projections extending beneath cusps or mammelons in the roof of the pulp chamber | pulp horns |
| a continuation of the pulp chamber into the root of the tooth, single rooted teeth have one where as multiple rooted teeth have varying numbers. | pulp canals or root canals |
| tissue that surround and support the teeth, alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligament | periodontium |
| of or pertaining to the periodontium | periodontal |
| part of the bone in the maxilla or mandible that surround and supports the teeth | alveolar process |
| the tooth socket, indentation in the bone in which the tooth sits | alveolus |
| connective tissue composed of many collagen fibers which attach to the cementum of teeth and to the alveolar bone. serves as attachment of teeth to bone. | periodontal ligament |
| mucous membrane covering the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible | gingiva |
| the height of the gingiva around the tooth | gingival margine or line |
| the gingival tissue that extends from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus. it is not attach to the alveolar bone or tooth | free gingiva |
| the gingiva that is tightly bound down to alveolar bone. it is light pink and sometimes has stippling. | attached gingiva |
| this demarcates the free gingiva from the attached gingiva. sometime you can see it in some areas of the mouth but not in other or it may not be at all visible. Pink=good oral health, red=gingivitis | free gingival groove |
| vascular movable tissue that is loosely attached to alveolar bone and is continuous with the tissue of the vestibule. red in color due to blood supply. apical to attached gingiva | alveolar mucosa |
| line formed in the area where the alveolar mucosa meets the attached gingiva | mucogingival junction |
| triangular shaped area of gingiva between adjacent teeth in the interproximal space below the contact area | interdental papilla |
| any small nipple shaped elevation | papillae |
| the subgingival space bordered on one side by the tooth surface and the other by the inside lining of the gingiva. extends vertically from the crest of the gingiva to the epithelial attachment. It is no more than 3mm when healthy. When its greater than 3mm it is called a pocket | gingival sulcus |
| the structure that allows for the joining of the gingiva to the tooth by means of epithelium at the base of the sulcus | junctional epithelium or epithelial attachment |
| the slightly sagging area of non-keratinized gingiva under the contact are between the facial and lingual papilla, where periodontal disease often starts. | Col |
| the vertical imaginary line located between the central incisors | midline |
| having teeth of many different shapes and sizes | heterodontic |
| 4 center teeth in maxilla and mandible used for cutting food | central incisors |
| 4 teeth in each arch distal to central incisors in each quadrant | lateral incisors |
| 4 teeth, one in each quadrant, and two on each arch. pointed teeth, distal to the lateral incisors, used for tearing food | cuspids or canines |
| 8 teeth, 4 in each arch, between cuspids and molars, used for grinding and mashing. | premolars or bicuspids (old terminology) |
| 12 teeth, 3 in each quadrant, distal to the second premolar. the first arrives at 6 years, second at 12 years and the third at 18. The third is also called the wisdom teeth | molars |
| one fourth of the dentition; in a full dentition each contains 8 teeth distal to the midline in the dental arch | quadrant |
| order of terms when naming teeth | dentition, arch, quadrant, tooth type |
| teeth located in the forward region of the mouth. Includes central incisors, lateral incisors, and cuspids | anterior teeth |
| teeth located distal or behind the cuspids, include premolars and molars | posterior teeth |
| mesial, distal, proximal, buccal, labia, facial, lingual, palatal, occlusal, incisal and interproximal are all | surfaces of teeth |
| toward the midline, toward the median line of the dental arch. | mesial |
| away from the midline, distant or farthest from a central point, away from the median line of the dental arch | distal |
| surface of tooth nearest the adjacent tooth, mesial or distal. | proximal |
| found on posterior teeth only, pertaining to or adjacent to the cheek | buccal |
| found only on the outside surfaces of anterior teeth, meaning of or pertaining to the lips | labial |
| term used to denote the outer surfaces of teeth collectively (posterior and anterior), the surfaces of a tooth toward this lips or cheeks (labial or buccal) | facial |
| pertaining to the tongue, toward the tongue, anterior and posterior teeth | lingual |
| meaning toward the palate, found anterior or posterior only on maxillary teeth | palatal |
| biting surfaces of posterior teeth | occlusal |
| biting surfaces of anterior teeth | incisal |
| meaning between teeth. area between the missal side of one tooth and the distal side of its adjacent tooth | interproximal or interdental |
| neck of the tooth, narrowed region near the junction of the crown and root | cervix |
| rule when joining two surfaces | drop "al" and turn to "o" if type vowels include a hyphen. Ex. misal and distal become misodistal |
| the cuspid in the permanent dentition are numbered | 6, 11, 22, 27 |
| the 1st molars in the primary dentition are numbered | 3, 14, 19, 30 |
| the central incisors in each dentition are numbered | 8, 9, 24, 25 |
| primary teeth are labeled with letters or numbers? | letters |
| the second molars in the primary dentition are | a, j, k, t (apple jacks, kicks and tricks) |
| The cuspids in h primary dentition are labeled | c, h, m, b |
| the central incisors in the primary dentition are labeled | E, F, O, P |
| sticky (likes to stick to rough surfaces) invisible substance that accumulates on the teeth, composed of bacteria and salivary byproducts. often responsible for the inception of caries and periodontal disease. | plaque or biofilm |
| also known as tarter, this hard mineralized deposit that is hardened plaque and accumulates on teeth is | calculus |
| soft white deposit found on teeth associated with poor oral hygiene, forms over bacterial plaque and is composed of bacteria, food debris and living and dead cells | materia alba |
| a disease of the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. if severe, alveolar bone resorption occurs with loss of supporting structures of the teeth. the major cause of tooth loss after the age of 35 | periodontal disease |
| inflammation of the periodontium | perodontitis |
| reaction of tissue to an injurious agent. characterized by heat, swelling, pain, redness and sometimes loss of function. | inflammation |
| a disease of calcified structures of teeth characterized by dissolution of inorganic (non-living parts of the teeth) components of the teeth and then the organic matrix | caries |
| meaning caries producing | cariogenic |
| deposition of calcium salts | calcification |
| process by which calcium salts and other inorganic salts are removed from the tooth | decalcification |
| loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear, other than mastication (for instance from brushing) | abrasion |
| gradual loss of tooth structure by physiological wear due to mastication. teeth grinding falls into this category | attrition |
| chemical destruction of tooth surfaces | erosion |
| rapid onset | acute |
| persisting for a long time | chronic |
| the teeth that take the place of primary teeth after the latter have been shed. Incisors, cupids and premolars are examples | succedaneous |
| appearance of the tooth in the mouth | eruption |
| shedding of primary teeth | exfoliation |
| having no teeth | edentulous |
| the relationship between the cusps of the lower teeth when in normal contact with the upper teeth | occlusion |
| abnormal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth | malocclusion |
| the arrangement of teeth | alignment |
| when teeth are not in alignment it is called | mal-aligment |
| the act of chewing | mastication |
| deviation from normal, non-pathological | anomaly |
| image or picture produced by a radiation sensitive film | radiograph |
| the removal of extraneous materials form the tooth surfaces by means of scaling and polishing techniques | oral prophylaxis |
| internal | intrinsic |
| external | extrinsic |
| top surfaces of tongue, pertaining to the back or the posterior portion of an organ | dorsal |
| pertaining to the under surface | ventral |
| roof of the mouth | palate |
| where the two maxillary bones meet in the middle of the palate | palatine raphae |
| ridges at the front of the palate | rugae |
| U shaped fleshy extension of tissue of the soft palate. it is sometimes removed for people that are heavy snorers | uvula |
| glands under the tissues in the oral cavity that secrete saliva into the mouth via ducts | salivary glands |
| a fold of mucous membrane attaching the cheeks and lips to the mandibular and maxillary mucosa | frenum |
| space between the alveolar ridge and lips or cheeks | vestibule |
| space (a gap) between teeth | diastema |
| a plaster or stone replica of the shape of the dentition and adjoining structures | study models or casts |
| two lines or surface which pin at a right or 90 degree angle | perpendicular |
| two lines or surfaces extending in the same direction, but never meeting | parallel |
| figure formed by two lines or surfaces extending from the same point | angle |
| an angle which is less and 90 degrees | acute angle |
| an angle which is greater than 90 degrees | obtuse angle |
| a straight line that divides an angle into two equal angles or parts | bisector |
| If the height of contour is ( ) then over stimulation of the gingival tissues can occur causing gingival trauma and possibly gingival destruction | Inadequate |
| If the height of contour is ( ) then a decrease in the stimulation of he gingival tissues can occur causing loss of tissue tone and integrity. The gingival tissue requires the it amount of stimulation to remain healthy. | Excessive |
| what is the imaginary line formed by the junction of two tooth surfaces, and is named according to the two tooth surfaces that are joined? | line angle |
| There are 8 line angles on anterior teeth, name them | mesiolabial, distolabial, mesiolingual, distolingual, labio-incisal, linguo-incisal, disto-incisal and mesio-incisal. |
| there are 8 line angles on posterior teeth, name them | mesiobuccle, distobuccle, mesiolingual, distolingual, bucco-occlusal, linguo-occlusal, disto-occlusal, and mesio-occlusal |
| understanding the location of this is essential for dental hygiene instrumentation, as much of the instrumentation begins here. what is it? | line angle |
| point formed by the junction of three tooth surfaces and named for the surfaces joined. all point angles are located on the occlusal or incisal surfaces of teeth. | point angle |
| there are 4 point angles on anterior teeth, name them | mesiolabio-incisal, distolabio-incisal, mesiolinguo-incisal, and distolinguo-incisal |
| there are 4 point angles on posterior teeth, name them | mesiobucco-occlusal, distobucco-occlusal, mesiolinguo-occlusal, and distolinguo-occlusal |
| these are elevations of enamel forming the margin of the surface of a tooth, found on the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the mesial and distal margins on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, 2 per teeth. | Marginal Ridges |
| True or False, the height of adjacent marginal ridges should not be equal | False, the height should be equal. |
| marginal ridges are usually equal, what can cause them to be unequal? (two things) | malpositioned teeth, and improper restoration. |
| If marginal ridges are unequal then improper stimulation and projection of the gingival tissue can occur leading to? | periodontal disease |
| this is a positive reproduction of the teeth. there are many different types of materials that can be used. the choice depends upon the reason. what is it | impression |
| a positive likeness of a part or parts of the oral cavity reproduction in a durable hard material such as plaster or stone | study model |
| a small pointed depression usually located at the ends of developmental grooves resulting from incomplete closure of enamel during development of the tooth, opening at the fossa? | pit |
| incomplete closure of developmental groove found in enamel at its base. due to the incomplete closure if enamel these are extremely susceptible to caries. | fissure |
| a resin material applied to the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth to seal surface irregularities and prevent caries in these areas | pit and fissure sealants |
| a topical solution applied to the enamel surface of teeth to prevent decay | fluoride |
| a broad term applied to any filling that restores or replaces lost tooth structure, teeth or oral tissues. there are many different types, such as amalgam, composites, crowns, inlays, onlays and root canals | restoration |
| an alloy composed of silver, mercury, tin, copper and zinc, commonly referred to as a sliver filling and is an economical method for restoring teeth. | amalgam |
| a resin used for restorative purposes, tooth colored filling which are routinely used for anterior teeth and are now being used frequently for posterior teeth, not as strong as amalgams and may need to be replaced. they can also stain quite readily | composite |
| restoration that produces the entire surface anatomy of the clinical crown and fits over a prepared tooth stump, multi step process and is often more expensive. made of many materials including porcelain, gold, metal, porcelain fused to metal. referred to by the public as a cap | crown |
| name the steps to making a crown | tooth is prepared, an impression is taken, a model is made and sent to a dental laboratory, the patient must return to have the crown placed and cemented |
| a fixed type of denture that is used to replace one or missing teeth and is permanently attached to remaining teeth. composed abutment and pontic teeth splinted together. | bridge |
| what is the difference between a abutment and the pontic | abutments are crowns on either side of the missing tooth/teeth and the pontic is the crown attached to the abutments (the area of the missing tooth/teeth) |
| used on a temporary basis until a permanent gold or porcelain crown is made, they are prefabricated so they do not fit perfectly to the tooth | stainless steel crowns |
| a restoration of metal, gold, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity and cemented to the remaining tooth. it DOES NOT cover a cusp, multi step process similar to that of a crown. An expensive form of restoration. | inlay |
| similar to an inlay, though it DOES cover at least one cusp. Multi step process similar to that of a crown and inlay and is also an expensive type of restoration. | onlay |
| also called root canal therapy, is it the removal of the dental pulp from the tooth. this is often performed when a carious lesion has reached the dental pulp and infection has occurred. | endodontics |
| an artificial substitute for missing natural teeth. referred to as a full if it replaces all the teeth in the arch, referred to as a partial if it replaces only some teeth. if it can be taken out it is considered removable, if it cannot be removed its fixed | denture |
| a device that is surgically inserted into or onto the jawbone to be used as an abutment for a prosthesis such as a crown or bridge | implant |
| a radiograph of a prescribed group of posterior teeth for the primary purpose of visualizing the proximal surfaces of teeth for the presence of caries and visualizing the crestal bone for early signs of periodontal disease. you mostly get crowns of teeth and very little root. | bitewing |
| a radiograph of a prescribed group of teeth that show the entire tooth including the root as well as 1-2mm of surrounding anatomy. usually taken of a specific tooth for a specific problem or taken as a complete mouth series. | periapical |
| radiograph examination of the dentition for the primary purpose of visualizing the entire dentition as well as 1-2mm of the surrounding anatomy. accomplished by using both periapical and bitewing films and is recommended every 5-7 years to detect any pathologies | Complete mouth series |
| radiograph examination using an extra-oral film which allows us to view the entire dentition, as well as the upper and lower jaws on a single film | panograph |
| area that are white on xray, such as teeth | radiopaque |
| areas that are black on xray, such as caries | radiolucent |
| small spot or area on mesial and distal surfaces of teeth that touch adjacent teeth in the same arch, except for at the midline where two mesial surfaces touch. become more cervically located on the proximal surface of the tooth as you progress from anterior to posterior teeth | contact area |
| True or False, on the same tooth the distal contact area is more cervically located than mesial contact area | True |
| True or False, contact areas of anterior teeth are centered in the proximal surface (middle third), where as contact areas of posterior teeth are more facially located on the proximal surface (buccal third) | true |
| contact areas of ( ) teeth are larger than contact areas on ( ) teeth | posterior, anterior |
| contact areas become broader as attrition on the proximal surface of teeth occurs, this happens as a result of | age |
| what stabilizes teeth in the dental arch mediodistally (meaning keeps the teeth from moving side to side). It also helps prevent food impaction. | contact areas |
| how many contact areas are there for each tooth (minus the exception of the last tooth in each arch or on teeth with missing adjacent teeth) | 2 contact areas |
| the point at which one tooth occludes with another tooth from the opposing arch, located on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and incisal surfaces of anterior teeth. Their function is to stabilize teeth in their arch cervicoincisally | contact points |
| teeth continue to what until they meet another tooth | erupt |
| the area where the CEJ curves the most is referred to as the | crest of curvature |
| the CEJ's are curved in a apical direction on the facial and ( ) surfaces of the teeth | lingual |
| CEJ's on posterior teeth are rather (two options) because posterior teeth are quite wide buccoligually and have a lot of cemental area for attachment of the peridontal ligament from the cementum to the alveolar bone | straight or flat |
| CEJ's on anterior teeth are quite ( ) because anterior teeth are narrow labiolingually and generally have smaller roots than do posterior teeth and need more cemental area for attachment of the periodontal ligament from cementum to alveolar bone | curved |
| what area on mandibular anterior teeth are less curved than on maxillary anterior teeth. On the same tooth the medical ( ) is approximately 1mm more curved than it is distally. | CEJ |
| What surface can sometimes be mistake for calculus and therefore understanding its curvature will prevent this error | CEJ |
| its triangular shaped area between adjacent teeth is important to health of the periodontium, it's cervical to the contact area, normally filled with interdental papilla, size and shape determined by form and location of boundaries. what is it? | interproximal space |
| this is also called a spillway. triangular shaped open spaces (empty space) formed by the curved surfaces of teeth sweeping away from the contact area, located on the facial, lingual, incisal, or occlusal, cervical or gingival areas of teeth | embrasures |
| the facial and lingual embrasured are best seen from an ( ) view. While the incisal embrasures are only found on anterior teeth and are best seem from a ( ) lingual view. | occlusal, facial |
| what embrasure is also called the interproximal space and is located under the contact area? | cervical embrasure |
| the two main functions of embrasures are to serve as spillway for food and to aid in? | self cleansing |
| how do embrasures aid in self cleansing | by exposing more of the tooth to oral fluid, the tongue, the lips and cheek |
| the greatest convexity or bulge on the facial nd lingual surfaces of teeth, which aids in the proper projection and stimulation of the gingival tissues, it is also called the crest of curvature and is best seen by looking at a proximal view of the tooth | height of contour |
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