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Description
Flashcards by fahimarehman04, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by fahimarehman04
over 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does continuos processing make? | Makes large amounts of the product 24hours a day. It takes place in chemical plants with good transport links. These plants are highly automated and so makes the product cheaper. Continuos processing is used to make ammonia and sulphuric acid. |
| What does batch processing make? | Makes a fixed amount. This allows the batches to be made and stored for when needed. This makes it easier to know when to make the next batch. Batch processing is used to make medicines and other small quantity substances. |
| What are the disadvantages of continuos processing? | Although the cost is low for the continuos processing the disadvantage is that the process is inefficient if not in constant use. There is also a very high cost to make these chemical plants. |
| What are the disadvantages of batch processing? | Each batch has to be supervised and so it is very costly. It is inefficient as the production is not in use all the time. |
| Why are medicines so expensive? | It can take about ten years to develop and test a new drug and each country has strict safety laws that pharmaceutical companies has to follow. Raw materials are often rare and costly. Many raw materials are found in plants and so are hard to extract. |
| How do you extract a chemical from a plant? | Crushing to disrupt and brake cell walls. Boiling in a suitable solvent to dissolve the compounds. Chromatography to separate and identify individual compounds. Pure compounds have definite melting and boiling points. |
| Why is it difficult and costly to get s license for a new drug? | Thousands of compounds often need to be tested to find effective ones. Likely compounds need to be tested on living tissues to ensure safety. Long term trials on humans must take place to know the side effects. Patents expire before costs are recouped and others can make a version. |
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