18136109
Description
Flashcards by Nyibol Lisa Kuol, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nyibol Lisa Kuol
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| LIST OF HEALTH-MAP APPLICATIONS | - Collates information from disparate data sources, eyewitness reports, expert-curate discussions and validated offical reports - Monitors, organises, integrates, filters, visualises and disseminates online information about emerging diseases |
| CATEGORY A BIOWARFARE AGENTS | The highest risk and the high priority because: - they can be easily spread from person-to-person. - result in high mortality rates, - possess the potential for major public health impact - require special publication health preparedness provisions |
| EXAMPLES OF CATEGORY A AGENTS | - Bacillus anthracis = Anthrax - Yersinia pestis = Plague - Haemorrhagic fever viruses = Haemorrhagic fevers - Clostridium botulinum = Botulism |
| CATEGORY B BIOWARFARE AGENTS | The second highest priority because: - they can be moderately spread - result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates - require enhance disease surveillance and specific enhancements of the laboratory capacity |
| EXAMPLES OF CATEGORY B AGENTS | - Brucella sp = Brucellosis - Burkholderia mallei = Glanders - Coxiella bunetii = Q fever - Ricinus communis = Ricin intoxication |
| CATEGORY C BIOWARFARE AGENTS | The third highest priority and are considered emerging threats for the disease: - easily available - easily produced and transmitted - have a potential for high mortality and morbidity rates |
| EXAMPLES OF CATEGORY C AGENTS | - MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis = Tuberculosis - Viruses causing encephalomyelitis = Viral encephalomyelitis - Influenza virus = Influenza - SARS-CoV = SARS |
| TIER 1 BIO SELECT AGENTS | select agents and toxins that present the greatest risk of intentional misuse with most significant potential for mass casualties or devasting effects to the economy, critical infrastructure, or public confidence |
| EXAMPLE OF TIER 1 AGENT: BACILLUS ANTHRACIS | - B. anthracis is responsible to causes anthrax - depending upon the portal of entry, B. anthracis can cause cutaneous anthrax (presented by small blisters with a black centre), inhalation anthrax (presented by shortness of breath, nausea, body aches), and gastrointestinal anthrax (presented by a swelling of neck glands and abdomen, bloody diarrhoea) - Because it can be found naturally in soil and commonly affects wild and domestic animals, people can contract the disease if they come in contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. - Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. |
| EXAMPLE OF TIER 1 AGENT: YERSINIA PESTIS | - Plague is caused by the bacterium Y. pestis found in rodents and their fleas. - In an aerosol attack using Y. pestis, patients will present the pneumonic form of plague. - Treatment of plague includes administering antibiotics, such as doxycycline or ciprofloxacin. |
| EXAMPLE OF TIER 1 AGENT: BRUCELLA species | - Brucellosis is caused by a Gram-negative bacteria and is a serious infectious disease. -Individuals can get the disease through contact with an infected animal or contaminated animal product. - Characteristic symptoms of brucellosis include anorexia, swelling of the liver and/or spleen, and arthritis. - Treatment entails administering a cocktail of antibiotics, including tetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycoside streptomycin. |
| EXAMPLE OF TIER 1 AGENT: BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI | - Glanders is caused by the bacterium B. mallei. - Characteristic symptoms include light sensitivity, ulceration (localised infection), pneumonia (pulmonary infection), and potential multiple abscesses within the muscles and skin of limbs (chronic infection). - Humans can contract glanders by contact with infected animals or through inhalation of infected aerosols. - Glanders can be treated with antibiotics, including tetracyclines, gentamicin, and others. |
| EXAMPLE OF TIER 1 AGENT: Clostridium botulinum: | Botulism is caused by the toxin made by the bacterium C. botulinum. • It is a muscle-paralysing disease and can be food-borne (ingesting toxin) or cause wound botulism (wounds infected with C. botulinum). • The illness can be treated by administration of antitoxins. |
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