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Description
Flashcards by Riley Loades, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Riley Loades
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define the Factors in the Selection of Materials? | Functionality Availability Aesthetics Cost Environmental Factors Social Factors Ethical Factors Cultural Factors |
| Define the Forces/Stresses? | Tension - acts to stretch an object and pull it apart. Torsion - acts to twist objects and materials by rotating different parts in opposite directions. Compression - acts to squash and shorten objects. Shear - acts in opposite directions but aren't aligned, causing sliding. Bending - a type of shear force causing objects to bend. |
| Explain the types of Processes to increase resistance against Forces? | Lamination - Layers are added to form a composite, increasing strength and rigidity. Interfacings - Layers of fabric stuck/sewn onto the inside of a product, increasing strength, rigidity, functionality and aesthetics. Webbing - Fabric woven to increase tensile strength. Bending - Reinforce and stiffen materials. Folding - Bending a flexible material so a crease/fold occurs between them, increasing flexibility. |
| Explain Quality Control, Tolerance and Consistency? | Quality Control is used to ensure products are made of a high enough standard. Tolerance is the required accuracy of a measurement. Consistency ensures that products are being produced to the same standard each time. |
| Give examples of Quality Control? | Go/No-Go Fixtures check the dimensions are within tolerance. Registration Marks check printing plates are aligned. Prints should be checked against the original. Depth stops control the depth of drilling and cutting. Laser Cutters need to be programmed correctly. PCBs should be made with the same exposure time. |
| Explain the types of Production Aids? | Reference Points - these help provide a single point that all points can be defined relative to. Templates - these are used to improve accuracy, consistency and speed in cutting and drawing. Patterns - these are used as templates in textiles, but an exact replica of the object wanting to be formed in casting. Jigs - these are used to guide tools to simplify and speed up production. |
| Explain the Production of Paper and Board/Card? | 1) Trees are cut down and taken by lorry to a paper mill. 2) The bark is stripped off. The wood is then cut into small pieces by a chipper. 3) These small pieces of wood undergo chemical (heating) or mechanical (grinding) pumping to turn them into a mushy, brown pulp. (cellulose fibres) 4) The pulp is washed and bleached to make it white. Then its pressed flat between rollers, dried and cut to size. |
| Explain the Production of Manufactured Timbers? | 1) Trees are felled (cut down) from a plantation or forest. 2) The bark is removed and the trunk is sawn up. They can either be slab sawn or quarter sawn. 3) The wood is then seasoned by drying it. They can either be air dried or kiln dried. 4) The seasoned wood is then converted into different forms or processes into manufactured timbers. |
| Explain the Extracting and Refining of Metals? | 1) Metal is extracted from the ground and its ore - a piece of rock containing enough metal to make the extraction profitable. It can be extracted through crushing and heating the ores in a furnace or electrolysis. 2) The metals obtained from extraction often contain impurities, which need to be removed before the metal can be used. This process is known as Refining and is very different for each metal. 3) The refined, molten metal is then usually cast into a mould, allowing it to cool and solidify into the required shape. |
| Explain the Production of Plastics? | 1) Crude Oil is extracted from the ground, at land or sea, and taken to a refinery. 2) The Crude Oil is then heated in a process called Fractional Distillation, separating it into different chemicals called Fractions. 3) Some Fractions are then linked together to make polymers in Polymerisation, while other Fractions are broken down into smaller molecules through a process called Cracking, to allow these chemicals to then be polymerised. Polymerised Plastics are then used in different ways. |
| Explain the Production of Fabrics? | 1) Natural Fibres are harvested and processes from their natural sources e.g. Silk comes from the cocoon made by silk worms and is unwound from the Sericin of the cocoon. These Natural Fibres are then spun into yarn and made into fabrics. 2) Regenerated Fibres are chemically treated natural materials (semi man-made). The natural material is chemically treated to product a Regenerated Fibre that is then used to make yarn and fabrics. 3) Synthetic Fibres are made from man-made polymers. They are then made into yarn and fabrics. |
| Explain how Material Production can impact the Environment? (1/2) | The obtaining of wood for the production of timber, paper and board causes deforestation which can harm the wildlife living in that habitat. The extraction of oil for the production of plastics and synthetic fibres can release toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, which can be harmful to the wildlife. This can destroy habitats to make space for the extraction. |
| Explain how Material Production can impact the Environment? (2/2) | The extraction of ores for the production of metal can use a lot of energy which comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which release air pollution and contributes to global warming. It can also harm the wildlife by destroying habitats to make space for the extraction, and the chemicals and waste can harm wildlife. The harvesting of natural fibres can involve the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides, which can pollute rivers and harm wildlife. It may also cause deforestation and the destruction of habitats when space is needed for farming. |
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