Flashcards
Chemistry Keywords
Cards in this deck (62)
- 1MatterAnything that occupies space and has mass.
- 2EvaporationThe changing of a liquid to a gas.
- 3CondensationThe changing of a gas back into its liquid state.
- 4DiffusionThe movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- 5SolidsParticles are closely packed together, don’t move but can vibrate, have a definite volume and shape.
- 6LiquidsParticles are close to each other but are free to move around, they have a definite volume but their shape can change.
- 7GasesParticles are free to move in all directions, they don’t have a definite shape or volume and spread out to fill a container they're placed in, and they can be compressed easily since they’re spread out.
- 8CrystallisationThe formation of crystals by cooling a saturated solution.
- 9SoluteThe substance being dissolved.
- 10SolventThe liquid the solute is dissolving in.
- 11SolutionThe solute and the solvent.
- 12SolubleThe ability to for a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
- 13InsolubleA substance that can’t dissolve.
- 14SolubilityHow much will dissolve.
- 15Concentrated solutionA large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.
- 16Saturated solutionA solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at that temperature.
- 17MixtureConsists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined.
- 18FilteringUsed to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
- 19EvaporationUsed to retrieve a solute from a solution.
- 20DistillationUsed to separate substances that have different boiling points.
- 21ChromatographyUsed to separate a mixture of substances which are in a solution.
- 22An elementA substance made up of only one type of atom.
- 23A moleculeComposed of two or more atoms chemically combined.
- 24CompoundsConsist of two or more elements chemically combined.
- 25An atomThe smallest part of an element which still has the properties of that element.
- 26Atomic numberThe number of protons in an atom of that element.
- 27The mass numberThe total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of that element.
- 28IsotopesAtoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons.
- 29ProtonsPositive and found in the nucleus.
- 30NeutronsNeutral and found in the nucleus.
- 31ElectronsNegative and orbit the nucleus.
- 32The periodic tableShow the elements in order of increasing atomic numbers.
- 33GroupsVertical columns of elements.
- 34PeriodsHorizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.
- 35An ionic bondThe force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.
- 36An ionA Charged atom or group of atoms.
- 37A covalent bondFormed when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms.
- 38AlloyA mixture of metals.
- 39RustingThe corrosion of iron.
- 40MetalsHard, dense, shiny, have high melting points, good conductors, malleable, ductile and sonorous.
- 41Non-MetalsUsually opposite to metals.
- 42FuelsA substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat.
- 43Fossil fuelsFormed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
- 44HydrocarbonsCompounds made up of hydrogen and carbon.
- 45AcidsHave a PH less than 7, sour taste and turn blue litmus red.
- 46BasesHave a PH greater than 7, tastes bitter and turns red litmus blue.
- 47AlkaliA base that is soluble in water.
- 48The PH scaleA measure of acidity or basicity, running from 0 to 14.
- 49Neutral substancePH of 7, eg. Water.
- 50TitrationsA way of neutralising a base and acid restoring the balance.
- 51CatalystsSubstances that alter the rate of a chemical reaction but are not used up themselves by allowing particles with less energy an alternative path with a lower activation energy.
- 52AirContains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, CO2 and water vapour.
- 53ElectrolysisThe splitting up of a compound by passing electricity through it.
- 54The meniscusThe curved surface of a liquid in a vessel.
- 55WaterA compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
- 56DesalinationA process that obtains freshwater from seawater(saltwater).
- 57Hard waterDoes not lather easily with soap and contains calcium and magnesium ions.
- 58Soft waterLathers easily with soap.
- 59PolymerisationSmall repeating units called monomers join together to form a larger molecule called a polymer.
- 60PlasticsMan-made materials, mostly from crude oil.
- 61Fractional distillationSeparates various hydrocarbons found in crude oil.
- 62Non-BiodegradableThey remain intact for long periods of time.
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- Description
- A list of all junior cert Chemistry keywords.
- Created by
- John Appleseed
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