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Description
Flashcards by John Appleseed, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by John Appleseed
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
| Evaporation | The changing of a liquid to a gas. |
| Condensation | The changing of a gas back into its liquid state. |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Solids | Particles are closely packed together, don’t move but can vibrate, have a definite volume and shape. |
| Liquids | Particles are close to each other but are free to move around, they have a definite volume but their shape can change. |
| Gases | Particles are free to move in all directions, they don’t have a definite shape or volume and spread out to fill a container they're placed in, and they can be compressed easily since they’re spread out. |
| Crystallisation | The formation of crystals by cooling a saturated solution. |
| Solute | The substance being dissolved. |
| Solvent | The liquid the solute is dissolving in. |
| Solution | The solute and the solvent. |
| Soluble | The ability to for a substance to dissolve in a solvent. |
| Insoluble | A substance that can’t dissolve. |
| Solubility | How much will dissolve. |
| Concentrated solution | A large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent. |
| Saturated solution | A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at that temperature. |
| Mixture | Consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined. |
| Filtering | Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. |
| Evaporation | Used to retrieve a solute from a solution. |
| Distillation | Used to separate substances that have different boiling points. |
| Chromatography | Used to separate a mixture of substances which are in a solution. |
| An element | A substance made up of only one type of atom. |
| A molecule | Composed of two or more atoms chemically combined. |
| Compounds | Consist of two or more elements chemically combined. |
| An atom | The smallest part of an element which still has the properties of that element. |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom of that element. |
| The mass number | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of that element. |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons. |
| Protons | Positive and found in the nucleus. |
| Neutrons | Neutral and found in the nucleus. |
| Electrons | Negative and orbit the nucleus. |
| The periodic table | Show the elements in order of increasing atomic numbers. |
| Groups | Vertical columns of elements. |
| Periods | Horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table. |
| An ionic bond | The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. |
| An ion | A Charged atom or group of atoms. |
| A covalent bond | Formed when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms. |
| Alloy | A mixture of metals. |
| Rusting | The corrosion of iron. |
| Metals | Hard, dense, shiny, have high melting points, good conductors, malleable, ductile and sonorous. |
| Non-Metals | Usually opposite to metals. |
| Fuels | A substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat. |
| Fossil fuels | Formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. |
| Hydrocarbons | Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon. |
| Acids | Have a PH less than 7, sour taste and turn blue litmus red. |
| Bases | Have a PH greater than 7, tastes bitter and turns red litmus blue. |
| Alkali | A base that is soluble in water. |
| The PH scale | A measure of acidity or basicity, running from 0 to 14. |
| Neutral substance | PH of 7, eg. Water. |
| Titrations | A way of neutralising a base and acid restoring the balance. |
| Catalysts | Substances that alter the rate of a chemical reaction but are not used up themselves by allowing particles with less energy an alternative path with a lower activation energy. |
| Air | Contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, CO2 and water vapour. |
| Electrolysis | The splitting up of a compound by passing electricity through it. |
| The meniscus | The curved surface of a liquid in a vessel. |
| Water | A compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Desalination | A process that obtains freshwater from seawater(saltwater). |
| Hard water | Does not lather easily with soap and contains calcium and magnesium ions. |
| Soft water | Lathers easily with soap. |
| Polymerisation | Small repeating units called monomers join together to form a larger molecule called a polymer. |
| Plastics | Man-made materials, mostly from crude oil. |
| Fractional distillation | Separates various hydrocarbons found in crude oil. |
| Non-Biodegradable | They remain intact for long periods of time. |
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