18612590
Description
Flashcards by Thomas Davis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Thomas Davis
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Sensation | Any physical stimulus that reaches our sense organs |
| Transduction | Process of converting a physical stimulus into an electrical/chemical neural signal |
| Perception | Our interpretation of sensations |
| Psychophysics | Measuring the relationship between sensation and perception |
| Absolute Threshold | The minimum amount of a stimulus needed to detect it at least 50% of the time |
| Difference Threshold | The minimum amount of change that you can detect Just Noticeable Difference (JND) |
| Sensory Adaptation | Over time you become desensitized to stimuli that are constantly present and require more to stimulate |
| Additive Colors | Adding wavelengths together creates the color spectrum White light = full spectrum = all colors |
| Subtractive Colors | Adding filters to white light reduces reflected light (removes wavelengths before they reach our eye) |
| What are the two light sensitive cells? | 1) Rods 2) Cones |
| Cones | Focus on color, center, and acuity (sharpness) |
| Rods | Sensitive to light |
| Where are rods and cones located? | Back of the retina |
| Photopic Vision | Uses cones We can see what we look directly at, but require well lit conditions for details |
| Scotopic Vision | Uses rods Allows us to pick up information from the edges (peripheral vision; black/white) and see in poorly lit conditions |
| Color Vision | 3 types of cones (RGB) Each type of cone responds to different light wavelengths The combination of cone activations determines the color we perceive |
| What are the two theories of color vision? | 1) Trichromatic theory 2) Opponent processes theory |
| Trichromatic Theory | All the colors we see can be derived from combination of RGB |
| Opponent Processes Theory | Works through a process of excitatory and inhibitory responses, with the two components of each mechanism opposing each other Afterimage effects |
| What are the three types of cues that give us depth perception? | 1) Monocular (one-eyed) cues 2) Binocular (two-eyed) cues 3) Motion cues |
| Monocular (one-eyed) Cues | Sometimes called pictorial cues (used to indicate depth in pictures) Interposition Texture gradient Relative size Linear perspective Atmospheric perspective |
| Interposition | Interposition occurs in instances where one object overlaps the other, which causes us to perceive depth (the object being covered must be further away) |
| Texture Gradient | The more detailed an object is, the closer it must be. "Fuzzier" objects must be further away |
| Relative Size | If two objects are roughly the same size, the object that looks the largest will be judged as being the closest to the observer. |
| Linear Perspective | A depth cue that is related to both relative size and texture gradient. Parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer together or converge |
| Atmospheric Perspective | The tendency of faraway objects to appear hazy or slightly blurred as a result of the atmosphere |
| Binocular (two-eyed) Cues | Each eye receives a slightly different bit of information since they are not in the same place Convergence |
| Convergence | The angle that your eyes must make changes depending on the distance to the object |
| Motion Cue | Parallax |
| Parallax | Closer objects appear to move faster than objects further away |
| The two processes we use to understand the world | 1) Bottom-up processing 2) Top-down processing |
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