Flashcards
Atomic Structure Overview
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1What are the 3 parts of an atom?proton, neutron, electron
- 2What does the atomic number represent?the number of protons an atom has
- 3# of protons = ?# of electrons
- 4what is an isotope?a form of an atom that has a varying number of neutrons
- 5what is an ion?an atom with a net electrical charge (either positive or negative) due to the loss or gain of an electron/s
- 6? + ? = atomic massweight of protons, weight of neutrons
- 7atomic mass is the ? of different isotopesaverage mass
- 8what is atomic mass measured in?atomic mass units (amu)
- 9proton (charge, mass, location)positive , 1 atomic mass unit , nucleus
- 10neutron (charge, mass, location)no charge , 1 atomic mass unit , nucleus
- 11electron (charge, mass, location)negative , nothing , energy level / electron cloud
- 12? - ? = # of neutronsatomic mass , atomic #
- 13how many electrons can each energy level / orbital hold?first = 2
second = 8
third = 8 - 14what would make an element stable?all *used* energy levels are full
- 15what is ionic bonding?when electrons are either donated and / or received
- 16what are valence electrons?the electrons in the outermost energy level
- 17what is an atoms' valence?# of electrons in outermost energy level
- 18if Lithium and Chlorine ionically bond, who is more likely to donate its electrons? (Li has a valence of 1 and Cl a valence of 7)Lithium because it uses less energy to give or receive 1 electron as opposed to 7
- 19what is covalent bonding?bonding in the form of sharing electrons
- 20is the element described on the periodic table an isotope of that element?no
- 21what was Democritus' theory?eventually the smallest piece of matter could be obtained + he named it atomos ("not to be cut") + looked like a billiard ball + "small, hard particles" + shaped and sized differently + made of same material + were infinite + were always moving and were able to join together
- 22what did Democritus get wrong? what did he get right?wrong: looked like a billiard ball + were infinite
right: smallest piece of matter could be obtained + these were small particles that were shaped and sized differently + were always moving + were able to join together + made of same material - 23what did Plato and Aristotle theorize? were they even slightly correct?that matter was divided into four elements:
earth, fire, air, and water
no, but people believed them - 24what was Dalton's theory? did he get anything wrong?deduced all elements were made of atoms + that atoms of the same elements were exactly alike + that compounds are formed by joining the atoms of different elements together
he missed a lot + but technically no - 25what did J. J. Thompson theorize?"plum pudding" model:
positively charged substance with negatively charged electrons scattered about inside + also said that atom must have positively charged particles + atom was divisible - 26what did J. J. Thompson get wrong? what did he get right?wrong: that atoms were like plum pudding
right: atom is made of smaller particles
(positively/negatively charged) now called electrons and protons + atom is divisible - 27what did Earnest Rutherford discover?the proton + open space + neutron
- 28how did Rutherford discover open space + the proton + the neutron? what did he conclude from this experiment?the gold foil experiment: shot particles at gold sheet and found that most went through but some bounced back / away
concluded: atoms were mostly OPEN SPACE + had small, dense, positively charged center "nucleus" + plum pudding model but with electrons around it - 29did Rutherford get anything wrong?that the nucleus was positively charged
- 30what was the Bhor model? what was right? what was wrong?Bhor model: electrons travel in energy levels + definite orbits located a certain distance from nucleus
wrong: don't move in orbit at any particular distance - 31what differs the wave model?based on wave mechanics + uses a mathematical function to display likeliness of electron being in certain area around an nucleus + flinging depends on Kinetic Energy
- 32what does the staircase on the periodic table divide?metals on the left and nonmetals on the right
- 33what do the "groups" on the periodic table indicate? where are they located?location: on top
indication: each column has that particular # of valence electrons - 34what do the numbers on the side of the table indicate?that the elements in that row have that particular # of orbitals
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- 8th grade Science Flashcards on Atomic Structure Overview, created by megan8kelly on 02/02/2015.
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