20748811
Description
Flashcards by John Rivera, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by John Rivera
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Subject: Taj Mahal ("Crown of the Palace") Mughal Architectural Aesthetic Date: Mughal Period, 1631- 1643 or Early 17th Century A. What is the function of the structure? It was built as a funerary monument and tomb in honor of Shah Jahan's wife, Mumtaz Mahal ("Light of the Palace"), who died from childbirth. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Islam C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Built of white marble and decorated with semi precious gems; motifs(mixed Iranian, Hindu/Buddhist, and European): floral, vegetation, geometric abstract motifs and calligraphy Bulbous dome; pointed arches Garden represents paradise | |
| Subject: Detail of Marble Inlay on the Taj Mahal Date: Mughal Period, 1631- 1643 or Early 17th Century A. What is the function of the structure? Serves as a decoration to the Taj Mahal, which is a funerary monument and tomb in honor of Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal ("Light of the Palace."), who died from childbirth. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Islam C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Highly refined program of inlaid floral patterns created from precious stones and flowering plants carved in a low relief. Floral motifs refer to the heavenly gardens of Paradise, and the theme of the afterlife is augmented by the caligraphy on the exterior of the Taj Mahal, with texts from the Qu'ran referring to the Day of Judgement. | |
| Subject: Attributed to Chitaman II, Muhammad Shah in a Palanquin Date: Mughal Dynasty, c.a. 1730-1740 or Middle of the 18th century - Opaque water color and gold on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Mughal court painting, in which artists depicted the emperor as a portrait. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Islam C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Much larger than previous Mughal paintings, instead making its impact on color and composition. Profile view representation of individuals, and the passages of white operate as a foil for the warm golds, oranges, and reds of the flowers and textiles, and the contrasting cool greens of vegetation. The calm of the activity of the garden is brought into tension by the gold-streaked sunset and gathering clouds on the horizon. | |
| Subject: Europeans Bring gifts to Shah Jahan, Padshahnama Date: 1657 or Middle of the 17th Century -Opaque water color and gold on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Depiction of an event in 1633 at the court of Shah Jahan where the emperor Akbar invited Jesuit priests to his court and held debates among Christian, Muslim, and Hindu theologians at Fatehpur Sikir. Portuguese men offered black namban lacquerware in the painting, which represents the trading the was occuring at the time between the Europeans and Indians. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Islam C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Profile view of people, in which the king had himself depicted on a glass throne with a radiance of light around him. This "radiance" symbolically represents how the king was considered to many at the time as a "divine being". | |
| Subject: The Deposition from the Cross Date: ca. 1598 or Late 16th Century (Mughal) - Opaque Water Color and Gold on Paper A. What is the function of the structure? Represents how Europeans influenced Indian Art by converting their traditional style into more of a Western look. This is one of those examples, as it is a Mughal Copy based on an engraving of a painting by the Italian Renaissance Artist Raphael. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Christianity, but Indians Copied West C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Full frontal view of faces, makes use of iconography, which is identifying and studying the subject matter and conventional symbols in works of art. Technical devices such as three-dimensional figures wearing draped clothing show European origins. | |
| Subject: Attributed to Shaykh Zayn al-Din, Lady Impey Supervising her Household Date: ca. 1777-1783 or Late 18th century (Raj Period) - Opaque water color and Gold on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Made for Mary Impey, in which the painting represented the move of the British into India, showing their success and how Indians were servants. Image is filled with Western style furniture, and the walls are defined by rectangular moldings, varying in contour and patterns. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Lady Impey and servants. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Shows the transition back to profile view, in which Lady Impey is depicted as extra white over her "colored" servants. Showed how important people like Lady Impey were depicted larger in scale than others, and hints at a rising industry in the creation of household objects. | |
| Subject: Shaykh Zayn al-Din, A Shawl Goat Date: ca. 1779 or late 18th Century (Raj Period) - Water color on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Foundation from Mughal nature painting, this was made for the Impeys and other British patrons. Name of the animal is in the local language, the name of the artist is in Persian letters, and the statement "in the collection of Lady Impey at Calcutta" is listed in English. Also has the measurement of the goat's size. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Indian Art made for British C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Animal is depicted against a blank background from European scientific treatises, in which each individual hairs of the goat, its markings on its face, and the curvature of its horns has been carefully rendered. Drawn in minute detail, which usually evoke the animal's natural habitats. | |
| Subject: Eight Sikh Courtiers and servants of the Raja of Patiala, Folio from Fraser Album Date: 1817 or early 19th century - Water color on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? William and James Fraser hired local artist to paint a different type of subject: originally bound in a large album, this painting represents the people and the villages of the countryside. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Local Indian artists hired by British. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Full fronal view, this painting shows evidence of the unknown Indian artist being trained in English watercolor techniques and a familiarity with English portraiture styles. People's dress, accessories, and manner of styling of hair and beard is captured in the physical appearance of each person. | |
| Subject: Tilly Kettle, Shuja al-Daula, holding a bow. Date: 1772 (Raj Period) - Oil on canvas. A. What is the function of the structure? Shows how an English painter depicts the subject: a man from India, in which the dress of the man (Shuja al-Daula) is Afghan in origin. B. What religious practice does it belong to? English depicting Indian. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Portrait style painting, in which differs from the native tradition in India by having a full frontal depiction of the face. | |
| Subject: Attributed to Mihr Chand, Nawab Shuja Al-Daula, After a portrait by Tilly Kettle, and two Pictures of beauties Page from Lady Coote Album Date: ca. 1780 (Raj Period) - Ink, Transparent and opaque watercolor and gold on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Mir Kalan Khan was a colleague of Tilly Kettle, in which he copied the Western style portrait and combined it with Mughal style painting by adding two ladies besides Shuja Al-Daula. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Combination of Western and Mughal Style Painting. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Contains both frontal and profile view of figures in the painting, emphasized "chiaroscuro", which designated the contrast of dark and light in a painting, drawing, or print, creating spatial depth and volumetric forms through gradations in the intensity of light and shadow. | |
| Subject: The Victoria Terminus (now the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus), Mumbai Date: 1887 (Raj Period) A. What is the function of the structure? Commemorated Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee and ascension of the throne. Has a train station, in which the central dome is capped with a classical statue (representing progress). B. What religious practice does it belong to? Serves as a head quarter of Indian railway. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Venetian Gothic style designed by Frederick William Stevens, in which the pointed arches are rested on slender columns and have windows set with stained glass. Corinthian columns and groin-vaulted ceilings complete the Neo-Gothic Vision. Very few Indian elements in its iteration of the Indo-Saracenic style. | |
| Subject: Edwin Lutyens, Rashtrapati Bhavan (Viceroy's House), New Delhi Date: 1912-1929 (Raj Period) A. What is the function of the structure? In 1911, King George V (r. 1910-1936) and Queen Mary of England visited India to be crowned its Emperor and Empress, resulting in the British Capital being moved form Calcutta to Delhi. Took 20 years to complete, designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. B. What religious practice does it belong to? The British Capital C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Inspired in part by Asoka's columns, terminates at a hexagonal green, where a memorial to George V was later built. | |
| Subject: Samuel Bourne, View near Rusala, Kulu Date: 1866 - Albumen print from wet collodion glass negative. A. What is the function of the structure? Shows the introduction of photography in India, up in the foothills of the Himalayas by the northern town of Simla. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Photography C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Picturesque, which was an aesthetic more in poetry, drawing, and painting. Focused on roughness and irregularity of nature, and favored views of ruins or humble country architecture over ordered gardens and well-maintained buildings. | |
| Subject: Raja Ravi Varma, Woman Holding a Piece of Fruit Date: Late 19th Century (Modernism in India) - Oil on canvas (scale is big). A. What is the function of the structure? Paintings of Women reflected Western tastes, not Indian, so it was later rejected by later generations of artists. Sexualized the portrayal of women, according to traditional Indian art. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Modernism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Style is derived directly from 19th century British painting, frontal view of figure, realistic, fruit symbolizes abundance and fertility. Very little Indian aesthetic. | |
| Subject: Amrita Sher-Gil, Self Portrait (7) Date: 1930-32 (Modernism in India) Oil on Canvas. A. What is the function of the structure? Self-portrait of Amrita Sher-Gil, which represented a Western Style painting of a deptiction of a woman. She has her hair down and has "revealing" clothing. She was later killed due to her depicting women this way. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Modernism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Realistic, Western Style, full frontal view, one of the first to paint self-portraits, as nobody painted self-portraits until she did. | |
| Subject: Rabindranath Tagore, Dancing Woman Date: 1928-1940 (Modernism in India) - Ink on paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Shows the primitive and fundamental figure of figures, specifically "Indian women". Described as "grotesque and gestural". B. What religious practice does it belong to? Modernism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Traditional, primitive, and simple. | |
| Subject: Le Corbusier, Assembly Hall, Chandigarh, Punjab Date: 1951-64 (Modernism in India) A. What is the function of the structure? Chandigarh (Abode of Goddess Chandi); served as an assembly hall, which was made by Le Corbusier (Swiss), who was famous for being one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Hinduism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Concrete Geometric upturn curves and cylindrical elements. | |
| Subject: B. V. Doshi, M. F. Husain Gallery Ahmedabad, Gujarat Date: 1993 (Modernism in India) A. What is the function of the structure? Playful gallery designed by B. V. Doshi to showcase the work of the painter M. F. Husain. Doshi trained at Le Corbusier's office in Paris in the early 1950s, which inspiring him to make the gallery. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Indian Modernism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? The gallery is an interconnected cave with domed roofs inspired by tortoise shells, placed underground in consideration of the city's heat, and collaboration between architect and artist. Uses ferrocement (steel-reinforced concrete), and the form of the gallery is organic. | |
| Subject: M.F. Husain, Arjuna with Chariot (Mahabharata 15) Date: 1971 (Contemporary Art) A. What is the function of the structure? The hero Arjuna appears on the left, driving a chariot and gazing at the hand of Krishna. It evokes The Bhagavad Gita, in which Arjuna seeks guidance from Krishna. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Hinduism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Eclectic mix of sources: German Expressionism, Gupta sbulpture, and Pahari Painting. Also turned to traditional Indian subjects for inspiration. | |
| Subject: Tyeb Mehta, Santiniketan Triptych (Local Sprint Festival) Date: 1986-87 - Oil on canvas. A. What is the function of the structure? Mehta saw an old lady completely lost in her own thought, and holding the sacrificial goat inside the hut, which had a profound effect on him. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Represents the drama of life and death. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Colors contrast with expressive passages of drawing. Pure color, minimalist style. | |
| Subject: Bhupen Khakhar, Hamam Khana (Homosexuality) Date: 1982 (Contemporary Art) - Oil on canvas. A. What is the function of the structure? Represents homosexuality and the dislocation of the individual in modern society. Shows a Mughal bath house. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Being Gay. C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? The landscape is composed of large blocks of color, and the lack of detail represents the vulnerability and loneliness of the woman. | |
| Subject: Shazia Sikander, Pleasure Pillars Date: 2001 (Contemporary Art) - Vegetable Color, dry pigment, watercolor, ink, tea on wasli paper. A. What is the function of the structure? Juxtaposes images of female beauty from Mughal and Rajput paintings, from Hindu temple sculpture, and from the classical world. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Hinduism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Burnished opaque watercolors, female beauty, more personal subject matter. | |
| Subject: Rashid Rana, Veil VI Date: 2007 (Contemporary Art) - C print and Siasec A. What is the function of the structure? Arrangement of stills to create pictures of veiled women. They shock in their juxtapositions, and make the viewer question the judgement of the veiled Muslim woman as having lost her identity and self hood. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Islam C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Stills, rough brushes. | |
| Subject: Bharti Kher, Indra's Net Mirror 1 Date: 2010 (Contemporary Art) - Bindis on mirror, wooden frame. A. What is the function of the structure? Bharti Kher stuck Bindis on a mirror, in which symbolizes the marker of time. It functioned as both a material that transformed the surface of art works and allows you to open your eyes and see. B. What religious practice does it belong to? Hinduism C. What are the common types of motifs for this kind of structure? Religion, Symbolism and Allegorical Representation | |
| Islamic Motifs | - Prohibit figurative forms (architecture cannot be decorated with human or animal figures) - Allows Geometric, abstract, floral and vegetation motifs - Arabesques-complex geometric patterns and scrolling vines - Calligraphy-drawn from the Qu’ran Rugs - Garden represents paradise-water, trees, and flowers with variety of scents and colors |
| Picturesque | An aesthetic more in poetry, drawing and painting (late 18th century); focused on roughness and irregularity of nature, and favored views of ruins or humble country architecture over ordered gardens and well-maintained buildings. |
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