20997480
Description
Flashcards by Pooja Acharya, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Pooja Acharya
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the main cells involved in acute inflammation? | polymorph neutrophils, PMNs, and mast cells |
| What are the main cells involved with chronic inflammation? | lymphocytes and plasma cells |
| What are the cardinal signs of local, acute inflammation? | swelling redness warmth pain |
| Immediate vascular response is mediated by mast cells releasing ____? | histamine |
| What mediator is responsible for permeability of post-capillary venules? | histamine |
| This extravascular fluid is characterized by the following: hypocellular protein poor low specific gravity due to increased hydrostatic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, or decreased oncotic pressure | transudate |
| This extravascular fluid is characterized by the following: cellular protein rice high specific gravity due to increased permeability and inflammation | exudate |
| What are the 6 steps upon neutrophil arrival? | 1. margination 2. rolling 3. adhesion 4. transmigration 5. chemotaxis 6. phagocytosis |
| Diapedesis is mediated by what? | PECAM-1 |
| What are 3 endogenous chemotactic factors? | leukotriene B4, complement 5a, interleukin-8, Bacterial products |
| Name two opsonins | C3b, IgG |
| This disorder is due to impaired phagolysosome fusion due to a microtubular defect | chediak higashi syndrome |
| Rolling on endothelial cells is mediated by what? | E-selectin and P-selectin "speed bumps" |
| Tight binding by endothelial cells are mediated by________? | ICAM-1 VCAM-1 |
| ight binding by leukocytes is mediated by __________? | LFA-1 (integrin) |
| ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (involved with tight binding in endothelial cells) are upregulated by _________? | TNF and IL-1 |
| Integrin (involved with tight binding in leukocytes) is upregulated by______? | C5a and LTB |
| What 2 mechanisms do leukocytes use to phagocytose microorganisms and tissue debris? | -reactive oxygen species -reactive nitrogen species |
| A deficiency in ____ yields in ability to produce hypochlorous acid and puts one at greater risk for candida infections | MPO (myeloperoxidase) |
| Poor oxygen dependent killing results in what disease? | chronic granulomatous disease |
| Shut down of inflammatory process occurs by what 2 mediators? | IL-10 and TGF-B(By M2 Macrophages |
| This plasma derived mediator is especially important for pain sensation and vasodilation | bradykinin |
| These 3 proteins indicate an acute phase reaction and are produced by______ | C reactive protein fibrinogen serum amyloid A (SAA) Liver |
| Increased _________serum acute phase reactant protein can be used to assess risk of myocardial inflammation and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. | CRP |
| What are 4 distinctive appearances of inflammation that are determined by the type of tissue and agent involved? | serous fibrinous suppurative pseudomembranous |
| This appearance of inflammation is marked by abundance fibrinogen which polymerizes into a thick fibrin coating | fibrinous inflammation |
| What protein on the leukocyte helps with rolling? | sialylated lewis X glycoproteins |
| If injury persists, how does acute inflammation go on to chronic inflammation? | macrophages present antigen to activate CD4 helper T cells, which secrete cytokines that promote chronic inflammation |
| What are the 4 plasma mediator systems triggered by activation of factor XII (Hageman factor) | -kinin cascade -clotting (coagulation) cascade -fibrinolytic system -complement cascade |
| types of scarring | hypertrophic keloid exuberant/excessive granulation formation of contractures |
| Differentiate keloid from hypertrophied scar? |
Image:
35 (binary/octet-stream)
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| Enumerate functions of macrophage in inflammation |
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36 (binary/octet-stream)
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