21845573
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are sutures? | A type of fibrous joint between the skull bones |
| What type of bone is the infant skull made up of? | Flat bone |
| What do sutures do? | Absorb mechanical stress Provide elasticity/movement |
| What is a fontanelle? What can it be used to indicate? | A membrane covered spot where 3+ bones converge A baby's flexible fontanelle can be felt to assess development |
| Why are sutures zigzagged? | They are tension adapted and reflect the push and pull of bone growth (eg. tension at sutures from skull growth pushes out, causes new growth) |
| What determines the orientation of facial growth? Give an example | The orientation of sutures Eg. The downward/forward growth of the maxillary occurs due to suture growth |
| When are facial sutures active? | During childhood/adolescence |
| What are the 2 layers of a suture? | 1. Cambian layer (osteogenic) 2. Capsular central zone (relatively inert) |
| What is the mechanism of suture formation? | Intramembranous ossification |
| How does the skull develop in the embryo? | It starts laterally in the embryo from the neural crest, then grows/ossifies upwards |
| What occurs during craniosynostosis? | The premature fusion of sutures This leads to restricted growth of the skill, and can also impact face growth |
| FGFR2 causes... | Apert syndrome: -midface malformations -malocclusion of teeth -narrow palate -fused limbs |
| FGFR2/3 causes... | Crouzon Syndrome: - midface hypoplasia (underdevelopment) - shallow eye orbits - dental crowding |
| Which two transcription factors can cause craniosynostosis? | 1. TWIST 2. MSX2 |
| What is the mechanism of craniosynostosis? | Too much FGF signalling induces too much TWIST/MSX2 and bone growth |
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