21876429
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What type of joint is the TMJ? | A synovial hinge/glidng joint |
| What is the TMJ located between? | The glenoid/mandibular fossa and the condylar process of mandible |
| What does the temporal bone consist of? | Composite bone made of Petromastoid, Squamosal, Tympanic and Styloid bone |
| What are the three processes of the mandible? | 1. Condylar Process 2. Coronoid Process (closing muscles) 3. Angle (opening muscles) |
| What are the muscle attachments of the three processes and ramus? | Condylar: External Pterygoid Coronoid: Temporalis Angle: Internal Pterygoid Ramus: Masseter |
| What are three ligaments of the TMJ? |
1. Temporomandibular (outside)
2. Stylomandibular (stabilises joint)
3. Sphenomandibular
Image:
F2 (binary/octet-stream)
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| What is ankylosis? What mutation is it caused by? | Fusion of the disc with the condylar process or glenoid fossa Mutation of Shox2 |
| Auriculo-condylar syndrome | TMJ/condylar defects, malformed ears |
| Mutation in TGFB2? | Loss of angular attachment-->loss of angular because no mechanical stimulation |
| Pax9 mutation? | Loss of teeth (hyperdontia) Loss of coronoid process |
| How does the TMJ develop (3 steps) | 1. Patterning of the dentary via intramembranous ossification - requires right mechanical stimulation+genes 2. Capping bone w/ secondary cartilage 3. Development of disc on top of condylar cartilage 4. Disc lifts up to space in between condylar/glenoid fossa 5. Upper synovial cavity forms, then lower 6. Endochondral ossification |
| What does lubricin do? | Separates disc from condylar process so it can lift |
| Lack of mechanical stimulation leads to what in condylar/disc formation? | No function disc or disc doesn't life off condylar |
| Loss of Indian Hedgehog leads to... | Reduced condylar cartilage No disc formation Ankylosis Glenoid fossa development issues |
| Mutation in RunX | Failure of cartilage to turn into bone |
| Mutation in Alk2 | Failure of secondary cartilage to form |
| Achondroplasia (shortened jaw) caused by | Too much differentiation, not enough proliferation |
| Lack of mechanical stimulation in ossification leads to | Reduced/failure of endochondral ossification (eg. mash diet) |
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