Flashcards
BMS11-1039 - Pharmacology of diuretics
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1What are diuretics?Drugs that increase the excretion of salts and H20 by the kidney by:
1. reducing Na+/Cl- reabsorption by the nephron
2. Reducing H20 reabsorption by osmosis - 2What occurs in oedematous conditions? Which type of diuretic is used to treat it?H20 taken into interstitial space of tissues due to lack of H20 reabsorption
K+/loop diuretics - 3Which type of diuretic is used to treat hypertension? How does it work?Thiazide diuretics
Diuretics reduce H20 reabsorption--> fall in blood volume, venous return and CO, reducing BP - 4What are three types of oedematous conditions?1. Heart failure: increased venous pressure
2. Renal disease: loss of protein from plasma
3. Hepatic disease: Liver makes less albumin so plasma protein falls - 5Where are 2/3 of H20/salts, all glucose, aa, and HCO3- reabsorbed?The proximal convoluted tubule
- 6Where is 25% of NaCl reabsored?Loop of Henle
- 7Where is 10% of Na+ reabsorbed?Distal Convoluted Tubule
- 8In the collecting tubule what regulates Na+ reabsorption/ K+ secretion?Aldosterone
- 9What part of the kidney does Loop diuretics work on?Thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
- 10What part of the kidney does Thiazide diuretics work on?Distal Tubule
- 11What part of the kidney does K+ Sparing diuretics work on?Collecting Tubule
- 12For loop diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects1. Blocks Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in LoH
2. Oedematous conditions
3. Hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypovolaemia, deafness, depletion of plasma Ca2+/Mg2+ - 13For thiazide diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects1. Block Na+/Cl- cotransporter in DCT
2. Hypertension
3. Hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia - 14For K+ spanning diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects1. Reduces Na+/K+ ATPase activity at collecting tubule by blocking ENaC Channels
2. Preventing hypokalaemia, but less effective diuretic bc works at collecting duct - 15What do aldosterone blockers (eg. Spironalactone) do? Where? What is it used for?They prevent aldosterone from binding (normally upregulates Na+ pumps to increase K+ secretion)
Action in late DCT/Collecting Tubule
Used in conjunction w other diuretics to prevent hypokalemia - 16Why do loop diuretics and thiazide blockers cause hypokalaemia?They block Na+ reabsorption in LoH/DCT, so more Na+ reabsorbed in collecting tubule. As a result, there is more Na+/K+ ATPase activity, increasing K+ secretion
- 17What is the most effective diuretic? Why?Loop diuretics
Acts in the LoH, reducing Na+ used to create hypertonic medulla so less H20 reabsorbed as well - 18Furesemide/TurasemideLoop Diuretic
- 19Hydrocholorothiazide, BendroflumethiazideThiazide Type Diuretics
- 20Amiloride, TriamtereneK+ Sparing Diuretics
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- Description
- How thiazides and loop diuretics increase urine production [giving site of action/mechanism] and why they can contribute to hypokalaemia. How K+ sparing diuretics increase urine production, and why they can be used to prevent hypokalaemia. Where and how ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II antagonists have their effect.
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- Evian Chai
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