21931688
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are diuretics? | Drugs that increase the excretion of salts and H20 by the kidney by: 1. reducing Na+/Cl- reabsorption by the nephron 2. Reducing H20 reabsorption by osmosis |
| What occurs in oedematous conditions? Which type of diuretic is used to treat it? | H20 taken into interstitial space of tissues due to lack of H20 reabsorption K+/loop diuretics |
| Which type of diuretic is used to treat hypertension? How does it work? | Thiazide diuretics Diuretics reduce H20 reabsorption--> fall in blood volume, venous return and CO, reducing BP |
| What are three types of oedematous conditions? | 1. Heart failure: increased venous pressure 2. Renal disease: loss of protein from plasma 3. Hepatic disease: Liver makes less albumin so plasma protein falls |
| Where are 2/3 of H20/salts, all glucose, aa, and HCO3- reabsorbed? | The proximal convoluted tubule |
| Where is 25% of NaCl reabsored? | Loop of Henle |
| Where is 10% of Na+ reabsorbed? | Distal Convoluted Tubule |
| In the collecting tubule what regulates Na+ reabsorption/ K+ secretion? | Aldosterone |
| What part of the kidney does Loop diuretics work on? | Thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle |
| What part of the kidney does Thiazide diuretics work on? | Distal Tubule |
| What part of the kidney does K+ Sparing diuretics work on? | Collecting Tubule |
| For loop diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects | 1. Blocks Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in LoH 2. Oedematous conditions 3. Hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypovolaemia, deafness, depletion of plasma Ca2+/Mg2+ |
| For thiazide diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects | 1. Block Na+/Cl- cotransporter in DCT 2. Hypertension 3. Hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia |
| For K+ spanning diuretics, what is its: 1. Mechanism 2. Used for 3. Side effects | 1. Reduces Na+/K+ ATPase activity at collecting tubule by blocking ENaC Channels 2. Preventing hypokalaemia, but less effective diuretic bc works at collecting duct |
| What do aldosterone blockers (eg. Spironalactone) do? Where? What is it used for? | They prevent aldosterone from binding (normally upregulates Na+ pumps to increase K+ secretion) Action in late DCT/Collecting Tubule Used in conjunction w other diuretics to prevent hypokalemia |
| Why do loop diuretics and thiazide blockers cause hypokalaemia? | They block Na+ reabsorption in LoH/DCT, so more Na+ reabsorbed in collecting tubule. As a result, there is more Na+/K+ ATPase activity, increasing K+ secretion |
| What is the most effective diuretic? Why? | Loop diuretics Acts in the LoH, reducing Na+ used to create hypertonic medulla so less H20 reabsorbed as well |
| Furesemide/Turasemide | Loop Diuretic |
| Hydrocholorothiazide, Bendroflumethiazide | Thiazide Type Diuretics |
| Amiloride, Triamterene | K+ Sparing Diuretics |
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