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Paired associate learning
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- 1Paired-associate learningLearning procedure in which items to be recalled are learned in pairs. During recall, one member of the pair is presented and the other is to be recalled.
- 2It involves the pairing of two items a stimulus and a response.For eg, words such as calendar (stimulus) and shoe (response) may be paired together.
- 3Paired-associate (PA) learning was invented by Mary Whiton Calkins in 1894.She named it as "right associates method", now known as the "paired-associations technique".
- 4HippocampusResponsible in the creation and storage of associations in the memory, especially for item associations.
- 5Studies on rats found thatLesions to the hippocampus lead to object-place associative learning impairments.
- 6Psychologists and researchers use it.Paired-associate learning is a classic memory paradigm that is used to understand how people encode and retrieve newly formed associations among stimuli.
- 7Two separate mental processes are involved -1. The learning of the response.
2. The formation of a bond between the two words. - 8This second process seems to produce a one-way association in many circumstances.That is, a learner is much more likely to remember the response word if given the stimulus; people have a harder time remembering the stimulus if presented with the response word.
- 9Types of Paired associate learning task1. In visual-visual both members of the pair are in a visual form (e.g. the picture of a blue circle paired with that of a picture of a yellow triangle).
- 102. The verbal-verbal is when the members of the pair are both verbally presented (e.g. listening to the word cat followed by the word hat spoken to a participant).3. Visual-verbal is when one member of the pair is spoken out loud while the other member is presented in a visual form (e.g. listening to the word box and seeing a picture of a house).
- 11How is Paired-associate learning task conducted?People are asked to learn unrelated word pairs (e.g., stove – letter).
- 12After some point of time memory for those paired is tested by any of these:1. Recalling one of the words in response to the word it was paired with during encoding (e.g., recall the word that was paired with “stove”).
- 132. Associative recognitionAsking them to distinguish between word pairs that were encoded together (e.g., stove – letter) & word pairs not paired during encoding (e.g., stove – dance).
- 14Study by Naya, Sakai, & Miyashita1. A primate was given a visual-visual paired-associate task where they were shown all the pairs in the set. Then after a long delay they displayed one picture of a pair to the primate.
- 152. When the correct picture was paired by the monkey, showing that the pictures were cueing the response, they were given rewards in the form of food.3. This study showed that it is possible for associations to occur for two previously unrelated items. The monkeys showed they had actually remembered the information shown to them.
- 16Application 1Verbal paired-associate learning tasks have long been used as a means for assessing learning ability in patients with suspected or established neurological disease.
- 17Application 2Advertising agencies repeatedly pair products with attractive women in ads to elicit an emotional or sexually aroused response in the consumer. This causes the consumer more likely to buy the product than when presented with a similar product without such an association.
- 18Application 3When learning a new language, for eg French, try to associate French words with English words. For eg- "le livre" with "the book".
- 19Made by-Purvi Shah
&
Nidhi Bhandari
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- Flash cards made by Purvi Shah and Nidhi Bhandari on Paired-associate learning for assignment.
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- Purvi Shah
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