GCSE PE - 7

GCSE PE - 7

1. Heart

   • Heart Rate
     • (HR)
       • The amount of beats per minute.
   • Stroke Volume
     • (SV)
       • The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat.
   • Cardiac Output
     • (CO)
       • The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
   • CO = SV x HR

2. Respiratory System

   • Oxygen Debt
     • The shortfall of oxygen to the body after maximum effort/anaerobic exercise, resulting in deep and shallow breathing.
   • Vital Capacity
     • The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much air as possible.
   • Tidal Volume
     • The amount of air breathed in or out at rest.
   • Anaerobic (without oxygen)
     • Glucose + Oxygen >> Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy, Lactic Acid
   • Aerobic (with oxygen)
     • Glucose + Oxygen >> Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy
   • The function is to get Oxygen into the body and remove Carbon Dioxide from the body.

3. Mechanism of Breathing

   • Inspiration
     • Our diaphragm pull down.
       • Our intercostal muscles contract.
         • Air pressure is reduced.
           • Air is sucked through the tubes into our lungs.
             • Our Chest Expands.
               • Inhaled Air
                 • 79% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and a trace amount of Carbon Dioxide.
   • Expiration
     • Our diaphragm relaxes.
       • Our intercostal muscles relax.
         • Our chest becomes smaller.
           • Pressure increases on the lungs.
             • Air is forced out.
               • Exhaled Air
                 • 79% Nitrogen, 16% Oxgen and 4% Carbon Dioxide.

4. Lactic Acid

   • Lactic acid is a bi-product of exercise. A build up of this can inhibit performance and cause pain, discomfort and fatigue.
   • It occurs in the anaerobic system because without the presence of oxygen, 'Pyruvic Acid' turns the 'Lactic Acid'.
   • Cooling down properly with stretching helps the lactic acid be removed and prevents aching muscles after the exercise.