246490
Description
Flashcards by Anna Hollywood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anna Hollywood
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Finite resources | No longer being made/being made very slowly |
| Non-renewable resource | Being used up faster than they're being formed |
| 2 problems of using fossil fuels | 1) It would've run out in future 2) Trying to find a replacement |
| Hydrocarbon | Made from molecules containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon |
| Order of fractionating column | LPG, petrol, paraffin, diesel, heating oil, fuel oils and bitumen |
| Where do lower boiling point hydrocarbons tap off at? | The top |
| Why can crude oil be separated? | The molecules are different sizes and have different intermolecular forces |
| Large molecules have ............ forces of attraction | Strong |
| Why do large molecules have high boiling points? | Because a lot of energy is needed to break the strong forces of attraction |
| Problems with transporting oil | Can damage birds' feathers (causing death) and clean up detergents can harm wildlife |
| Political problems with extracting crude oil | UK is dependant on oil supplies from unstable countries - they can set higher prices causing problems for non-oil producing nations |
| Cracking | A process that turns larger less in demand alkanes and turns them into smaller more demanded alkenes such as petrol |
| TEA CUPS | Toxicity, Energy value, Availability, Cost, Use (ease of), Pollution, Storage |
| Fossil fuels increasing because ... | ...populations increasing |
| Why are governments concerned about rising population (and rise in fossil fuels)? | carbon dioxide emissions increase |
| What's put in place to cut down carbon dioxide emissions? | Countries agreements within the next 15-20 years to reduce carbon dioxide emissions |
| Methane + (sufficient amount) oxygen -> | Carbon dioxide + water |
| Positives of complete combustion | - More energy released - Carbon monoxide and soot aren't being made |
| Incomplete combustion word equation | fuel + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water |
| Balanced symbol equation for methane + oxygen | CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O |
| Composition of clean air... | 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.035% carbon dioxide |
| Why does composition of air change very little? | Because there's a balance between all the processes (combustion, photosynthesis etc.) |
| Two reasons why percentage of carbon dioxide has increased slightly | -Deforestation -Increased population |
| How did our atmosphere become how it is today? | -Degassing -Rich in water vapour and carbon dioxide -Condensed to form oceans and carbon dioxide dissolved in water -Nitrogen levels increased -Photosynthesis created oxygen and took in carbon dioxide |
| Problems of sulfur dioxide | -Difficulties for asthmatics -Acid rain damaging wildlife and limestone monuments |
| Symbol equation for reaction in catalytic converter | 2CO + 2NO -> N2 + 2CO2 |
| Alkanes | Saturated and single covalent bonds |
| Alkenes | Unsaturated and double covalent bond/s |
| How to test for alkene | Bromine turns colourless |
| Name of bromine and ethene reaction | Addition reaction |
| what is made when you react ethene with bromine | a dibromo compound |
| Conditions needed for addition polymerisation | High pressure and a catalyst |
| Process of addition polymerisation | when double bond in ethene breaks and each carbon atom creates a new bond making a long molecule |
| Properties of nylon | lightweight, waterproof, UV proof |
| benefit of Gore-Tex over nylon | Its breathable |
| What's Gore Tex made up of and why? | PTFE and nylon (as its too fragile). Holes in PTFE small enough to keep rainwater out but big enough to let water vapour (sweat) out. |
| What type of polymers are scientists trying to create? | - Dissolvable - Biodegradable |
| Environmental and economical issues with existing polymers | - Landfill sites fill up quickly - Landfill sites waste valuable space - Burning plastics make toxic gases - Burning/Chucking plastics increases use of crude oil - Recycling is complicated |
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