2571714
Description
Flashcards by jordanewilliams, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jordanewilliams
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hydrocarbon | A compound of hydrogen and carbon only |
| Atom Economy | Molecular mass of desired products/Molecular mass of sum of products |
| Homologous series | A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 |
| Functional Group | A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound |
| saturated | contains carbon to carbon single bonds only |
| unsaturated | containing Carbon to Carbon double bonds only |
| Empirical Formula | The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
| Molecular Formula | The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| Structural Isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but with a different structural formulae |
| Stereoisomers | compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space |
| E/Z Isomerism | An example of stereoisomerism in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon in the C=C group |
| Cis-Trans Isomerism | A special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same |
| Fractional Distillation | Separation of a liquid mixture into fractions with different boiling points |
| Catalytic Cracking | The breaking down of long chained saturated hydrocarbons to form more useful alkanes and alkenes |
| Biofuel | A fuel that is derived from recently living materials such as plants or from the waste of animals |
| Curly Arrow | The moving of an electron pair showing either the breaking or formation of a covalent bond |
| Radical | A species with an unpaired electron |
| Homolytic Fission | The breaking of a covalent bond, where the shared pair of electrons are split equally forming two radicals |
| Heterolytic Fission | The breaking of a covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons are not split equally, forming a cation and an anion |
| Electrophile | Species attracted to an electron rich center where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
| Nucleophile | Species attracted to an electron deficient centre where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond |
| Exothermic | Heat is given out to the surroundings |
| Endothermic | Heat is taken in from the surroundings (the reactants gain energy) |
| Activation energy | The minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking the bonds |
| Standard Conditions | -A Pressure of 100 kPa -Temperature of 25 degrees -Concentration of 1.0moldm3 |
| Standard enthalpy change of reaction | The enthalpy change that accompanies a reaction in the molar quantities expressed in the chemical equation (under standard conditions, all products and reactants in their standard states) |
| Standard Enthalpy change of combustion | The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of substance reacts completely with oxygen (under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states) |
| Average bond enthalpy | The average enthalpy change that takes place, by homolytic fission, 1 mol of a given bond in the molecules of gaseous species |
| Catalyst | speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the overall reaction |
| Volatility | The ease that a liquid turns into gas |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | The equilibrium that exists in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | When a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to change, the position of the equilibrium will shift to minimize the change |
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