2599303
Description
Flashcards by cozmasaskia, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by cozmasaskia
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Socrates | - Founder of philosophy - Plato's teacher -Taught difference between opinion and knowledge - Exposed ignorance of authority - Was executed |
| Theory of Knowledge | - Physical world = illusion created by senses - True knowledge is gained through the mind - A priori knowledge is true knowledge |
| Theory of forms | - Realm of forms = reality - Form = perfect, eternal, unchanging, necessary - Humans have immortal souls - When born, have dim recollection of the forms, the soul has seen them before - Education = recalling forms - Form of the good = ultimate form |
| Form of the Good | - Ultimate form - Illuminates all other forms |
| Analogy of the circle | - You can have an idea of the perfect circle - But in the physical world you can never get a perfect circle |
| Analogy of the Cave | 1) Prisoners forced to look at shadows - think its reality 2) Shadows cast by polititions holding objects against a fire 3) A prisoner escapes 4) Is led to the realm of forms 5) The process is painful but enlightening 6) Returns the other prisoners to free them - is seen as crazy |
| What does the cave represent? | The world of sight |
| Who do the prisoners represent | Us |
| What are objects the polititions are holding? | - Imitations of the true formsforms - The polititions think the objects they're holding are the true reality so they force everyone else to believe the same |
| What does the fire represent? | The sun of the physical world |
| What does the journey out of the cave represent? | The journey of the soul |
| What does the sun in the realm of forms represent? | The form of the good |
| Who should be leaders? | - Philosophers that are enlightened by the realm of forms - So that they can teach the world the truth |
| Hierarchy of forms | 1) Form of the Good 2) Universal qualities 3) Concepts 4) Physical living objects 5) Physical inanimate objects |
| Demiurge | - All Gods are demi Gods as they are below the form of Good - God = good, but not goodness itself - God created out of something ( creatio ex nio) |
| Dualism | - Mind/soul and body are separate - mind/ soul = immaterial & realm of the forms -Body = physical & a prison for the mind |
| Criticisms | 1) undervalues experience 2)DAWKINS - 'nonesence to talk of a transcendent world' 3) what about forms of bad things? 4) no concrete proof 5) how only one form of good? Goodness depends on the situation 6) infinite regression of forms |
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