2695506
Description
Flashcards by Callum Dwyer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Callum Dwyer
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Rural Rebranding: Cornwall | Cornwall is a rural peninsular county. It has a population of roughly 533,000 and its only city (by English definition) is Truro, although St Austell is the most populated urban area in the county. |
| Economy | Cornwall is one of the poorest counties in the UK in terms of GDP per capita. The GDP per capita for Cornwall was 79.2% of the EU-27 average for 2004. (The UK average was 123.0% per capita). It has the lowest average weekly wage in the UK - as low as 25% of the national average in some cases. |
| Mining | Traditionally, Cornwall's economy has been driven by tin and copper mining as well as fishing and agriculture. Although Cornwall became an important mining area in the 18th century, the industry went into decline in the mid 19th century. |
| China Clay | Due to the exhaustion of mines and fierce overseas competition, by the late 20th century, the mining industry had all but disappeared and China Clay extraction became a vital primary industry. Most quarries are large and use machinery rather than man power. |
| Fishing | Although fishing was once a major industry in Cornwall, over fishing and strict EU quotas have caused the industry to fall into decline, although in 2007 fish stocks were reportedly recovering. |
| Farming | Cornwall was a traditionally significant area in producing dairy products. However, supermarket price wars have led to a fall in demand for Cornish dairy. Milk from the UK costs 21p a litre, compared to 14p a litre elsewhere in the EU. |
| Tourism | Tourism accounts for around a quarter of Cornwall's GDP. Cornwall's main attractions are its quaint towns, mild climate and excellent surfing. |
| Cornwall's Infrastructure | -Cornwall is remote, located on the periphery of the UK's economic core. - It is not connected to a major motorway - Newquay is Cornwall's only airport, serving only internal flights. - The county town Truro is 225 miles from London and 135 miles from Bristol |
| 'The Brain Drain' | 'Human capital flight', or 'The brain drain' is the large scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. At least half of Cornwall's young people have left the county in search of better opportunities. |
| 'The Brain Drain' (2) | - A survey carried out in St Austell found that half of the people aged 18 didn't expect to be living there in five year's time - The brain drain leads to a downward spiral of economic decline known as the 'cycle of deprivation'. |
| IT Industry | Although Cornwall is remote and generally has poor broadband connection, it is home to one of the world's fastest high-speed transatlantic fibre optic cables, making Cornwall an important hub within Europe's Internet infrastructure. |
| Cornwall's Population | - Cornwall is sparsely populated, ranking 41st out of 47 by population density. - It has a high rate of population growth due to inward migration since the 1980's - It's elderly population is above that of the national average, and it's younger population is below the average. |
| Regeneration - Objective One | Cornwall was one of the four UK areas that was rated eligible for poverty related grants by the EU Cohesion Act. This policy is aimed at regeneration areas significantly below the EU average GDP per capita. |
| The Eden Project | Opened in 2001, The Eden Project is an environmental research facility and tourist attraction made up two large glass complexes, housing a variety of plant biomes. It is also a social enterprise aimed at raising environmental awareness and promoting sustainable living. |
| Location | The Eden project is situated near St Austell in South Cornwall - a former clay pit town. It was built on the site of a former pit. |
| Funding | Capital for the project consisted of: - £13 million of future revenues - £20 million of bank loans - £39 million of public funds - £51 million from Millennium Commission funds |
| Players: The Millennium Commission | The Millennium Commission was an independent non - departmental public body funded by the UK government, the National Lottery (Until 2001) and other large private investors. It ran from 1993 until its abolition in 2006. |
| Sustainability | The buildings are designed to have a low carbon footprint: - Sustainable construction with good insulation, natural lighting and ventilation - Close monitoring of heating and electricity use |
| Sustainability (2) | - High efficiency boilers and LED lighting. - Educating and policing staff. - Generating its own power through geothermal, solar and biomass energy. - Planting trees - A green travel plan that discounts admission prices for those who don't drive |
| Success? | Construction of the Eden complex cost £120 million in total. However, within the first 4 years of opening, the complex attracted over 6 million visitors, accounting for 1 in 8 visitors to Cornwall. |
| Local Impacts | - Created jobs for local people, particularly young and disabled people. - Since 2001, demand for holiday cottages in Cornwall has doubled. - The holiday cottage booking year has been extended from 16 - 20 weeks a year to as many as 36 weeks. |
| Diversification | In order to maintain sustainable numbers of visitors, Eden now offers: - Educational activities such as gardening and art classes and school trips. - The 'Eden Sessions' host world class musical acts every year. |
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