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Description
Flashcards by kerrie.patten, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kerrie.patten
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the need for a circulatory system? | In large organisms diffusion is too slow to move molecules from one place to another. A circulatory system can pass molecules quickly in large organisms. |
| What is a closed circulatory system. | A closed circulatory system blood is enclosed by blood vessels. |
| Give four differences between arteries and veins | 1 - Arteries have thick walls -Veins have thin walls 2. - Blood is under high pressure in arteries. -Blood is under low pressure in veins. 3. -Arteries have no valves. - Veins have valves. 4. Arteries have small lumen (the space where blood flows in blood vessels) - Veins have large lumen |
| Give the names of the three parts of blood vessels | - Outer layer of protein (collagen) -Protein and elastic fibres Endothelium. |
| Give the function of each part of blood vessels | - Muscle outer wall (made of collagen) ensures that the vessel does not over expand. -The muscle and elastic fibres: can alter the shape of the vessel. - Endothelium: a thin layer of cells. |
| What vessel does the blood enter the right side of the heart at? | The vena cava |
| What vessel does the blood leave the right side of the heart ar? | The pulmonary archery |
| What blood vessel does the blood enter the left side of the heart at? | The pulmonary vein |
| Where does the blood leave the heart? | The aorta |
| Where are the bicuspid and tricuspid valves located? | The bicuspid valves are located at the right side of the heart. They prevent the back flow of blood of the right ventricle into the right atrium. The tricuspid valves are located on the left side of the heart. They prevent the back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium |
| Where are the semi lunar valves located? | - There are two semilunar valves in the heart; One semilunar valve (right side of heart) is located at the pulmonary vein. It prevents the back flow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. Another semilunar valve is located at the aorta and prevents blood flowing backwards from the aorta into the left ventricle. |
| Why are the walls of the atria thin? | They only have to pump blood a short distance (into the ventricles) |
| Why is the wall of the left side of the heart thicker than the right. | The left side of the heart exerts a strong pressure to pump blood to all around the body so the walls are thicker. The right side of the heart only pumps blood to the lungs and does not need to pump as hard. |
| Why are the walls of ventricles thick? | The walls of ventricles are thick because they must pump blood a long distance. |
| Name the two circuits of the body. | -Pulmonary circuit -Systemic circuit |
| What circuit does the right side of the heart control and where does the circuit travel to? | The pulmonary circuit. The pulmonary circuit carries carbon dioxide rich and oxygen poor blood to the lungs where it looses carbon dioxide and gains oxygen through gas exchange. |
| What circuit does the left side of the heart control and where does the blood travel to? | The left side of the heart controls the systemic circuit. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood all around the body (head, arms, body, legs). The blood looses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide in each cell. |
| What are the advantages of double circulation compared with single circulation? | - Separates the oxygen rich blood from the oxygen poor blood. - Keeps the blood pressure high to reach all parts of the body. - The metabolism of single circulation organisms is lower than of double because the blood pressure is low |
| Give an example of animals with a single circulatory system | Earth worms, fish |
| What is a portal system? | A blood pathway that begins and ends with capillaries |
| Give an example of a portal vein in the human body. | The hepatic portal vein |
| What organs does this portal system connect? | The hepatic portal vein connects the stomach and intestines to the liver. |
| What is contained in high amounts in this system. | Food is contained in high concentrations after a meal in the hepatic portal vein because it connects with the stomach and intestines. |
| What supplies the heart with blood? | The coronary arteries |
| What cavity is the heart located in? | The thorax cavity |
| How can the heart rate be altered when the pacemaker is in control the rate of heartbeat? | The heart rate can be altered by the nerves that connect the brain to the heart. |
| What is a pulse? | A pulse is the alternate expansion and contraction of the arteries. |
| What is blood pressure? | Blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart against the walls of the blood vessels |
| What is systole? | When the chambers of the heart contract. |
| What is diastole? | Diastole is when the chambers of the heart relax. |
| How does excercise effect the heart? | Excercise enlarges and strengths the heart. Causes a loss of weight. |
| How is blood pressure measured? | Blood pressure is recorded by measuring how much pressure needed to stop the flow of blood in the arteries of the upper |
| What happens as a result of high blood pressure? | The heart must pump harder to get sufficient blood around the body. This may lead to heart attacks. |
| How can diet be bad for the heart? | Diet can be bad for the heart because; - Fat rich foods can increase the chance of the arteries becoming blocked (which in turn leads to heart attacks) - Too much salt raises the blood pressure. - Being severely overweight raises blood pressure. |
| Why is smoking cigarettes bad for the heart? | Smoking cigarettes is bad for the heart because ; -cigarettes contain nicotine, which increases heart rate and blood pressure - Chemicals in smoke increase risk of blood clot. |
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