273736
Description
Flashcards by ruby.white94, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ruby.white94
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Autecology | Study of a single organims or population |
| Synecology | Interactions between populations |
| Competition | The driving force of communities competition for a resource |
| Cooperation | One population creates gradients and niches for the other |
| Gradients | Can be metabolic side effects e.g. lactose fermentor pH changes or metabolite themselves e.g. bacteriocins |
| r Strategist | Rapid growth Consumption and reproduction |
| K strategist | Slow growers, optimal utilization conservation of energy |
| Founding effect | The first organism that founds an environment will be random but will determine how the community turns out |
| Community succession | The more a community builds the more niches open up and the more diversity accumulates |
| Parasitism | One member harmed on member benefits |
| Mutualistism | Both members benefit |
| Commensalism | One species benefits and the other is not harmed nor helped |
| Social cheaters | Organisms which benefit from other mutualistic realtionships without contributing |
| Richness | Number of different species |
| Diversity | Number of different species and their abundance |
| Eveness | How even a community is in terms of abundance |
| Insurance policy | Having two organisms that can fill the same niche so if one is wiped out you have the other |
| What can insects do to fungi? | Farm it, can change the morphology of the species |
| Mycangium | A structure of the ambrosia beetle that carries fungus |
| What do ambrosia beetles do with this fungus? | Inoculate wood with it and use it as a food source |
| Where do leaf cutter insects get N2 from? | N2 fixing symbionts |
| What bacteria are associated with leaf cutter nitrogen symbionts? | Klebsiella, azospirillum Plantoea |
| How does the termite get it's food | NOTES |
| What do spirochaetes do? | Fix nitrogen for termites |
| What type of bacteria is wolbachia | Gram -ve |
| What does wolbachia do and what percent of insects are infected? | Forms intracellular inherited infections 20-75% |
| What three things does Wolbachia cause and explain | Feminization parthenogenesis cytoplasmic compatability |
| How does V.fischeri know when to be biolumenescent? | When autoinducer is below a certain threshold it won't When above a certain threshold it will, controlled by cell numbers |
| Explain the bobtail squid and V.fischeri mutualism | notes |
| How many V.fischeri per ml | >100 |
| Why are estuaries so productive? | Because of mixing greater gradients and more niches nutrients coming in from river shallow and warm and light |
| pH of the ocean | 8.3-8.5 |
| What percent of the ocean is water? | 96.5% |
| What percent of the ocean is components and what percent of that is Na and Cl? | 3.5% 55% Na 27%Cl |
| In terms of nutrients what is the ocean? | Oligotrophic |
| Why are there regions of near zero oxygen concentrated around the tropic? | Excess of nutrients, shallow and warm increase in microbial growth depletion of oxygen due to microbial consumption DEAD ZONES |
| What are the layers of the ocean from top to bottom? | Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abysalpelagic |
| How deep can blue light penetrate the ocean? | 200m |
| What is the thermocline current and what does it do? | A current that cycles water around the world through the levels of the ocean, causing heat transfer and nutrient mixing |
| How deep does epipelagic go? | 200m |
| How deep does mesopelagic layer go? | 1000m |
| How deep does the abysalpelagic layer go? | 4000m |
| DOM | Dissolved organic molecules Synthesised by primary producers |
| What is the fate of DOM? | Respired into CO2 by bacteria |
| What is DOMs role? | Part of C cylcing influences air-sea CO2 exchange and C storing Photosynthesis relies on it to make energy for ocean food chain |
| Rhodopsins | NOTES |
| Marine Snow | Aggregation of organic matter and organisms that form sinking particles |
| What is the role of marine snow? | Transport oxygen, nitrogen and carbon into the ocean interior Hydrolytic enzymes of the bacteria turn aggregates into DOM forms plumes in the ocean od life and death |
| Geoengineering | Deliberate large scale intervention in the earth climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming |
| Pros and Cons of Geoengineering | Notes |
| What is Lichen | Fungi and cyanobacteria or algae Mutualistic relationship |
| Crustose lichens | Adhere to substrate |
| Foliose lichens | Adhere to substrate loosely and leafy |
| Fructicose lichen | Hallow upright stalks |
| Gravel | 2mm to 75mm |
| Sand | 0.05mm to 2mm |
| slit | 0.002 to 0.05 |
| clay | <0.002mm |
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