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Flashcards by Daniel Cormack, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Daniel Cormack
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Intro | - Pov still an increasingly pressing issue - report carried out by IFS in 2014 - 23% of British people now live in relative poverty; highest since 2001. - Variety of aims and initiatives been introduced to attempt to combat issue: by central gov, Scot gov, councils, private companies, voluntary groups. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Local councils | - Provide benefits like Housing and Council tax benefit, available to people on low incomes to help towards paying rent and council tax. - Certainly effective in reducing poverty as without these benefits many people would simply not have enough money to afford a decent quality of life. - Glasgow City Affordable Warmth Dividend is to assist residents aged 80 and above with additional costs associated with Winter. - Therefore, local councils efforts have been somewhat effective. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Central Government | - Main area associated with reducing poverty - Dept of Welfare and Pensions. - Biggest spending area of UK govt. - 166.98bn was spent in 2011/12 and £159bn spent on benefits for those struggling financially. - Benefits such as job seekers allowance and pensions included - makes up 23% of all public spending. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Central Government continued | - Govt associations like job centres are further attempts to prevent people stooping into life of poverty. - These were established to help the unemployed find work and to provide the ability to claim JSA. - Although benefits intend to improve quality of life for those on low incomes, it means the system has also been succumbed to benefit traps. - This is when it is more financially efficient for someone to stay at home and rely on benefits. - To this end, govt introduced Universal Credit - replaces 6 existing benefits with a single monthly payment. - This new benefit will help British people be better off working, whilst providing the with resources and help to work more hours. - The payment received will reduce gradually as more money is earned, top up payments provided to protect individuals from sudden drop in income. - Although it is estimated that 2.8 mil British households will be entitled to fewer benefits, 3.1 mil will be entitled to more as a result. - Across all households it has been said there will be an average gain of £16 a month. - Successful attempt. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Central government continued | - As well as this, min wage has increased -> people will earn more money and therefore escape a life of poverty. - However, despite these professional attempts, some govt schemes haven't been perceived well. - Bedroom tax - reduction in benefit for having spare bedroom has resulted in huge increases in health problems - stress, anxiety etc. - One unemployed man saw weekly income drop to just £47 in Newcastle. - Study in Guardian found bedroom tax had increased poverty and had effects on health and well-being. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Scottish parliament | - Tries to help in all areas associated with poverty. - Spent a great deal of money on new initiatives, like Scotland's regeneration strategy - sets out £175 million to support country's most disadvantaged communities and provides new prospects for people living there. |
| To what extent have attempts to reduce poverty in the UK been effective? - Voluntary sector. | - Child Poverty Actions Group - raises awareness of and tackles child poverty in Scotland and calls for changes to help end child poverty. - Played crucial part in campaign for free school meals and right direction to reducing poverty. - Other charities have similar aims to end child poverty in Scotland. - Save the Children and despite their best efforts, 1 in 4 Scots children still live in some kind of poverty today. - Food banks are also in place and the Trussel Trust runs over 420 food banks in Uk for those who cannot afford food. - Shows some individuals not provided enough money to buy food. |
| The govt, not individuals, should be responsible for health and welfare provision. - Intro | - The Collectivist view of the government providing welfare and health is a traditional left-wing Labour approach, but is being reduced due to growing costs of the NHS and opposing individualists, typically Conservatives. |
| The govt, not individuals, should be responsible for health and welfare provision. - | - Collectivists believe the government should provide for people in poverty and who can't work themselves, and also believe they should be responsible for healthcare of the nation. - The idea of Collectivism is to reduce inequalities and the gap between the rich and the poor, by distributing some wealth from the top to help those in need. - Black Report in 80s showed there was a link between someone's wealth and the effect on health. |
| The govt, not individuals, should be responsible for health and welfare provision. - | - The growth of inequalities could be a major problem as it is proven the NHS alone cannot tackle health issues, but is down to external factors (social class, housing) which are effecting health for people. - Little ideological differences between major parties now and New Labour has changed its policies by leaving some collectivist policies behind and taking individualist ones - such as beginning to privatise the health service when they were in power - this would have been unlikely in previous Lab govts. |
| The govt, not individuals, should be responsible for health and welfare provision. - | - The individualists sees the Collectivist view of government intervention in welfare and health as unfair as it takes money from the rich to give to poorer people - argued wealthy have worked hard for their money and should not be obliged to give this away. - Individualists believe smoking and drinking is a personal choice so the taxpayer should not have to pay for it. - However, some people find it hard to get out of the poverty trap and are more likely commit crime and be socially excluded. |
| The govt, not individuals, should be responsible for health and welfare provision. - | - Collectivist govt aim to tackle these problems by providing money and housing - some believe this creates a dependency culture and a nanny state. - Some have also argued that some people claim benefits when they don't need them and the govt has made it tougher for those who want to claim them. - Therefore, there are pos and negs of collectivism but it does not tend to work well on paper. - Traditional collectivist view seems to be declining as more and more jump on individualist bandwagon. |
| Gender Inequalities - Attitudes to Women in Society. | - Women position has changed in last 30 yrs. - Less likely to marry, less likely to have kids, more likely to be divorced or be a lone parent. Some women don't have children through choice as they can't have their own or might put careers first. - Family role changed - because marriage not regarded as it used to be, pressures of modern society and females outperforming men at every educational level. - Women more important to Uk economy - over past 40 yrs rise in % of women in employment and a fall in % of men. - Women's earnings of increased importance to families and many lone parent fams headed by woman. - However, women not fully = with men. |
| Gender Inequalities - Evidence of Inequal in Workplace. | - Fawcett Society - avg pay gap is 15% so women effectively working free for rest of the year from Nov. - 2013, gender pay gap rose for 1st time in 5 yrs. More than 820,000 more women moved into low paid jobs since start of recession in 08. - FT gender pay gap - 10%!!! - Backed up by fact pro and managerial women who became mothers moved down job ladder after returning from maternity leave. - Women tend to earn less - more often take lower paid jobs (5CS) - Cracks in GC? - More women elected to HOC and other parls in UK. - More effective laws and procedures and outperforming boys in all stages of education. |
| Gender Inequalities - Attempts to solve GI and success. | - Equal Pay Act 1970 - law making it illegal to pay women less than men for doing same job. Impact - sig improvement from pre-1970 but still 10% gender pay gap in 2014. - Sex discrimination act 1975 - Law making it illegal to treat women differently from men in any way. Impact - more women in managerial positions and politics than ever before - however still huge gap. - EHRC 2006 - Body set up to tackle discrimination and promote human rights. Impact - positive that body has been set up to ensure legislation is adhered to - inequals still exist. - Gender Equality Duty 2006 - Set of standards which ensure all public bodies take gender into account when creating policy. Impact - ensures local authorities promote equality for gender and people can report breaches to EHRC. - Equality Pay Act 2010 - replaced all acts. - One of reasons for this was fact existing laws were failing to crack GC. Impact - discrimination of any kind is illegal and sex discrim cases were highest in 2014 for 4 yrs - an increase in reporting issues due to this act???? |
| Have Gender Inequals reduced??? - Support and opposition for this view. | - Support for view - Women now hold a greater proportion of GB's professional jobs than their representation in the workforce would lead one to expect. - Record breaking numbers of women are now in work - employment rate of 67.2% is highest since records began. - HOWEVER, opposition to view - Sex and power report claimed a glass ceiling still exists with 5600 fewer women in top jobs than should be. - More women are low paid than men across the board - women constitute almost 62% of those on low pay. |
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