Geography SRT Practise

Question	Answer
Vulnerability	Is a measure of the extent to which a community, structure, service or geographical area that is likely to be damaged or disrupted on account of its nature or location, by the impact of a particular disaster hazard.
Natural Hazard	Extreme geophysical events that far exceed normal human expectations in terms of their magnitude or frequency and have the potential to cause serious material damage and loss of life.
Natural Disaster	Occurs when there has been material damage or loss of life from the interaction between human activity and the geophysical environment. Example: Earthquake in Pakistani province of Kashmir, 2005, 80 000 killed.
Primary hazards	Are the direct result of a volcanic eruption. Example: explosions, flowing lava, poisonous gas emissions.
Secondary Hazards	Are the associated effects of a volcanic eruption. Examples: mud flows, flooding, tsunamis, earthquakes.
Tertiary Hazards	Are longer term effects of volcanic eruptions. Examples: famine, acid rain and atmospheric changes
SOI	Southern Oscillation Index: is the calculation difference between atmospheric pressure at Darwin and Tahiti.
Typhoon	In meteorology, a type of cyclone occurring in the western regions of the Pacific Ocean. It is an extremely large, powerful and destructive storm. Example: occurs especially in the Philippines of China Sea.
Scattergraph	a graphic representation of bi variate data as a set of points in the plane that have Cartesian coordinates equal to corresponding values of the two variates.
Hurricane	A large tropical storm with high-powered circular winds. Between July and October, hurricanes cause extensive damage along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
Choropleth Map	Uses graded differences in shading or colour or the placing of symbols inside defined areas on the map in order to indicate the average values of some property or quantity in those areas.
Eye Wall	Is located immediately outside the eye of a hurricane or cyclone, associated with tall clouds, heavy rainfall and high winds.
Storm Surge	A rising of the sea as a result of wind and atmospheric pressure changes associated with a storm.
Disaster Management Plan	Is the organisation and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular: preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction	Aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.
Hazard Mitigation	Any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from hazard events. It is an ongoing process that occurs before, during and after disasters and serves to break the cycle of damage and repair in hazardous areas.
Low Pressure System	Diverging winds aloft allow for lower pressure and convergence at the Earth's surface, which leads to upward motion. Tropical cyclones form due to latent heat driven by significant thunderstorm activity, and are warm with well-defined circulations.
High Pressure System	Regions where the pressure on the Earth's surface is greater, caused by a mass of sinking air, are called highs. Highs spin in an anticlockwise direction in the southern hemisphere; are associated with clear skies and fair weather. Are often bigger and longer lasting than lows.
Atmospheric Pressure	Is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth.
Cold Front	Is the boundary of an advancing mass of cold air, in particular, the trailing edge of the warm sector of a low pressure system
El Nino	A warm ocean current of variable intensity that develops after late December along the coast of Ecuador and Peru and sometimes causes catastrophic weather conditions.
General Circulation of Air	Is the large-scale movement of air, and the means (together with the smaller ocean circulation) by which thermal energy is distributed on the surface of the Earth.
Isobars	The lines on the map that join places with the same mean sea level barometric pressure. The central pressure of each system is written in numerals in a measure of hectopascals (hPa). Example: a high could be (1020 hPa) or higher. While an intense cyclone could have a central low of 960.
Ocean Current	Is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as: breaking waves, wind, the coriolis effect, cabbeling, and the temperature and salinity differences.
Storm Tide Level	Is the water level resulting from a storm surge, which increases the height of the sea level above the normal tide level.
Trough	Is an elongated region of relatively low atmospheric pressure, often associated with fronts. Example: A very large trough (8000 km) crosses the North Atlantic Ocean from North East to South West.
Warm Front	The boundary of an advancing mass of warm air, in particular the leading edge of the warm sector of a low pressure system.
Cyclone Yasi	Cyclone Yasi started as a tropical low northwest of Fiji, 29 January 2011. The system intensified to a category 5 cyclone by the time it reached landfall at Mission Beach on the 3rd February 2011.
Hurricane Katrina	Was the largest and 3rd strongest hurricane recorded to reach landfall in the U.S. on 29 August 2005, was a category 5
Cyclone Pam	March 6, 2015, Category 5 Cyclone. Was regarded as one of the worst natural disasters in Vanuatu. 15-16 lives lost. Also affected Fiji, Solomon Islands and other places.

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