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Description
Flashcards by Melinda Colby, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Melinda Colby
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How do you set up a Punnett Square for a single trait (mono-hybrid) Cross? | 1. Determine the Genotypes of the parents 2. make a 2x2 square 3. Put the genotype of the mother across the top. 4. Put the genotype of the Father down the left side. 5. Bring down each Allele of the mother in each square, and bring across each allele of the father to each square. |
| How do you set up a two (Di-hybrid) trait Punnett Square? | 1. Determine the complete Genotype of each of the parents 2. Determine the possible gametes of each parent using the FOIL method 2. make a 4x4 square 3. Put the possible gametes of the mother across the top. 4. Put the possible gametes of the Father down the left side. 5. Bring down each Allele of the mother in each square, and bring across each allele of the father to each square. |
| How does the Foil method Work for finding possible gametes of the parents complete genotype? | Please note for the image, you are not multiplying, but putting the letters in pairs. |
| When do you use the FOIL Method? | Use the Foil Method when you need to determine the parents possible gametes when looking at two traits at the same time. |
| Sample Problem single trait cross: In a particular type of fish, a "G" allele produces green scales, which is completely dominant over the "g" allele which produces blue scales. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios from a cross between two heterozygous fish? | By definition, a heterozygous fish would have a genotype of Gg. It could produce gametes (sperm or eggs) that are either G or g. Write out a "legend" based on what you know from the question. Do it like this: G = green scales g = blue scales G is completely dominant over g, and thus: GG = green scales, Gg = green scales, gg = blue scales genotype of male fish = Gg (sperm are G or g) genotype of female fish = Gg (eggs are G or g) genotypes crossed in this mating = Gg X Gg View set of diagrams. |
| Sample Problem Two Trait Cross (Di-Hybrid Cross): In pigs, curly tails (C) are dominant over straight tails (c). Pink color (P) is dominate over gray (p). You are to cross a male pig that is homozygous dominate for both traits with a female pig that is homozygous recessive for type of tail and heterozygous for body color, then determine the phenotypes and Genotypes. | As you can see, the possible combinations of alleles for the male pig are: CP, CP, CP, and CP. The possible combinations for the female pig are: cP,cp,cP, and cp. Align each combination of alleles for each parent along the side and top of the 16 squares. The results of this punnett square indicates that with the mating of two pigs with the above genotypes, the 16 possible offspring would be 1/2 CcPP and 1/2 CcPp as their genotypes, and all for the offspring would be 16 that are curly and pink. We have no piggy babies that would have gray color or have straight tails. See Diagram |
| Which event during meiosis introduces genetic variation between parents and offspring? | Crossing over of homologous sequences between matching chromosomes |
| What is independent assortment? | A way that produces diversity of gametes during meiosis.....The chromosomes can line up during metaphase in many different ways and the way one pair of chromosomes line up does not affect the way that any other pair lines up |
| In what way do the products of meiosis differ from the products of mitosis? | Meiosis results in egg or sperm cells |
| What is the end result of meiosis? | Four Haploid Cells |
| Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes that other cells in the body contain. When are gametes produced in organisms? | During meiosis |
| A researcher demonstrates that fish species in a freshwater aquatic environment show genetic variation in each generation. Which property in fish species explains this variation? | Their reproductive cells perform meiosis |
| Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? | Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes |
| Why do members of a certain population have differences in appearance? | Different appearances occur because traits come from independent assortment of chromosomes in gamete formation. |
| What process result in egg cells with genetic composition that are different than the female parent? | Crossing over of Chromosomes during prophase I. |
| What is the genetic significance of crossing over during meiosis? | Chromosomal exchange of genetic material greatly increases genetic variation |
| What does Heterozygous mean? | Heterozygous means that if the two copies of a gene have different alleles. See Diagram: Aa and Bb |
| What does Homozygous mean? | Homozygous means that both copies of a gene have the same allele. See Diagram: |
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