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Description
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Malachy Moran-Tun
about 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the Relative Charges and Relative Masses of the Following: > Protons > Neutrons > Electrons | > Protons - +1, Mass of 1 > Neutrons - 0, Mass of 1 > Electrons - -1, Mass of 1/1835 (Negligible) |
| What is an Ion? | An atom with an overall positive or negative charge |
| What is an Anion and a Cation? | > Anion - negative ion > Cation - positive ion |
| What are Isotopes? | Atoms with the same atomic number but a different mass number (The same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons) |
| How do you Calculate the Relative Atomic Mass of several Isotopes? | The relative abundance (usually percent) multiplied by the mass. e.g.: Cl-35 (75%) and Cl-37 (25%) (35 * 0.75) + (37 * 0.25) = 35.5 |
| What are the Traits of Particles in a Solid? | > Vibrates in a fixed position > Do not switch places > Tightly packed > Regularly arranged (regular lattice) > All touching > Does not change shape |
| What are the Traits of Particles in a Liquid? | > Moves in a container > Swaps places > All touching > Irregular arrangement > Fills container / changes shape |
| What are the Traits of Particles in a Gas? | > Moves around quickly > Collides with other particles > Do not touch > Irregularly arranged > Fills container / changes shape |
| What is the name for the Change of State for: > Solid into Liquid > Liquid into Gas > Gas into Liquid > Liquid into Solid > Solid into Gas > Gas into Solid | > Solid into Liquid - Melting > Liquid into Gas - Evaporation > Gas into Liquid - Condensation > Liquid into Solid - Freezing > Solid into Gas - Sublimation > Gas into Solid - Deposition |
| Why does Temperature Not Increase during a Change in State? | The increased thermal energy from the temperature is being used to break apart the bonds in the particles |
| What is a Pure Substance? | A substance with a composition that: > Cannot be changed > Molecules are same in all parts of the substance |
| Label each part of the Simple Distillation Diagram | |
| Label each part of the Fractional Distillation Diagram | |
| What is Filtration? | > Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid > Filter paper allows the liquid to run through, leaving a solid behind > Only for mixtures |
| What is Crystallisation? | > Separates a soluble solid from a solution > Evaporate the solvent in an evaporating dish > Crystals form as the soluble solid becomes insoluble |
| Euugh fuk... Solubility Rules? | Soluble: All common Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium salts All nitrates Most Chlorides Most Sulfates Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium Carbonate Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium Hydroxide Insoluble: Silver Chloride Lead, Barium, Calcium Sulfate Most Carbonates Most Hydroxides |
| What is a Strong Acid? | An acid that completely dissociates (splits up) into ions when dissolved in water |
| What is a Weak Acid? | An acid that only partially dissociates (splits up) into ions when dissolved in water |
| What is a Concentrated Acid? | An acid that contains a large mass of acid in a given volume of solution |
| What is a Dilute Acid? | An acid that contains a small mass of acid in a given volume of solution |
| Empirical Formula and Mass in Reactions in the Revision guide | why are you flipping this card... literally what is the point, there is NO point whatsoever: none at all. nope! there just isn't a point. a point cannot be found. is the opposite of a point a blunt? hmmm. lots to think about here. go do your damn empirical formula |
| What Colour are the Following Indicators in Acids / Alkalis? > Litmus > Methyl Orange > Phenolphthalein | Indicator - Acid, Alkali: > Litmus - Red, Blue > Methyl Orange - Red, Yellow > Phenolphthalein - Colourless, Pink |
| What is a Reversible Reaction? | A reaction that can go both forwards and backwards (products into reactants and visa-versa) |
| Without a change in Pressure or Temperature, how do Reversible Reactions reach an Equilibrium? | > Forward Reaction's concentration falls as Backward Reaction's concentration rises. > Eventually they will be exactly at the same rate > This is equilibrium: both reactions are both happening, but there's no overall effect |
| What 3 Things can Change the Position of Equilibrium? | 1. Temperature 2. Pressure 3. Concentrations |
| What is Le Chatelier's Principle? | If there's a change in concentration, pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium position will move to help counteract the change |
| What does Changing the Temperature in a Reversible Reaction do to the Equilibrium? | Decreasing - Exothermic Direction - Produce more heat Increasing - Endothermic Direction - Absorb extra heat |
| What does Changing the Pressure in a Reversible Reaction do to the Equilibrium? | Decreasing - More moles of gas - Increase pressure Increasing - Less moles of gas - Decrease pressure |
| What does Changing the Concentration in a Reversible Reaction do to the Equilibrium? | Increase - Opposite side (more products / reactants) Decrease - Towards same side |
| What is the Method for Titrations? | > Use a (glass) pipette to measure out a volume of the acid / alkali > Add a few drops of an indicator - usually phenolphthalein / methyl orange since there is a single colour change > Fill a burette with a known concentration of acid / alkali > Use the burette to add the acid / alkali slowly > Swirl the flash regularly to ensure it's mixed together > When the indicator changes colour, the solution has been neutralised > Repeat accordingly to get the most accurate result - the least amount needed to neutralise (within reason) |
| Titration diagram revision guide too | yeahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh says someone who agrees with things |
| Where are the Transition Metals? | Middle of the periodic table |
| What are the (Typical) Properties for Transition Metals? | > Hard, strong, shiny, and malleable > Conduct heat and electricity well > High melting points > High densities > Used commonly for catalysts |
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