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PNB 2265 Practical 1

Nicole Servetnik English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 160 cards

PNB 2265 Practical 1

Cards in this deck (160)

  1. 1this is the most abundant type of blood cellred blood cell
  2. 2these are biconcave cells that deliver oxygen to tissues, are very numerousred blood cells
  3. 3these cell fragments do not have a nucleus and help to form blood clots (small purple crescents between RBCs)platelets (thrombocytes)
  4. 4these cells are separated into granulocytes and agranulocyteswhite blood cells
  5. 5these white blood cells contain many dark staining granules in the cytoplasm and the nucleus typically takes on a multi-lobed appearancegranulocytes
  6. 6these white blood cells contain very few dark staining granules in the cytoplasmagranulocytes
  7. 7these 3 white blood cell types are granulocytesneutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
  8. 8these 2 white blood cell types are agranulocyteslymphocytes, monocytes
  9. 9this white blood cell releases chemicals that change blood pressure. look for dense staining of granules in cytoplasm that obscure nucleus.basophil
  10. 10this white blood cell responds to the site of an acute injury or infection and performs phagocytosis of debris. look for a nucleus of 3-4 dark staining lobes with many dark staining granules in the cytoplasm.neutrophil
  11. 11this white blood cell responds to allergens and chronic inflammation. they release chemicals that change blood pressure. look for nuclei with two lobes and many dark staining granules in the cytoplasm.eosinophil
  12. 12what is the order of white blood cells in order of most to least abundantneutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
  13. 13what is this cellneutrophilwhat is this cell
  14. 14what is this celleosinophilwhat is this cell
  15. 15what is this cellbasophilwhat is this cell
  16. 16what is this celllymphocytewhat is this cell
  17. 17what is this cellmonocytewhat is this cell
  18. 18what is this blood diseasesickle cell anemiawhat is this blood disease
  19. 19what is this blood diseaseinfectious mononucleosiswhat is this blood disease
  20. 20this is a viral blood disease caused by the Epstein-barr virus which results in an increased production of monocytes and lymphocytes (agranulocytes)infectious mononucleosis
  21. 21what is this blood diseasepolycythemiawhat is this blood disease
  22. 22this is the abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes which increases viscosity of blood. often a result of bone marrow cancer.polycythemia
  23. 23what is this blood diseaseleukemiawhat is this blood disease
  24. 24this type of cancer involved an overproduction of leukocytes. cells and immature/abnormal in appearance and lack normal function. can be acute or chronic.leukemia
  25. 25this is the main component of RBCs and has four folded proteins called globins. the red pigment is called hemehemoglobin
  26. 26hemoglobin is important because each one of these molecules binds an oxygeniron
  27. 27typical range of hemoglobin for a male13.5-17.5 g/dL
  28. 28type range of hemoglobin for a female12.0-15.5 g/dL
  29. 29the Hb-O2 curve is this shapesigmoidal
  30. 30this is a diagnostic test to see the portion of RBC's in a blood samplehematocrit
  31. 31in a completed hematocrit, the upper clear yellow layer is ___, the Buffy coat is ___, and the lower dark red layer is ____.plasma, leukocytes and platelets, RBCs
  32. 32what is the proper way to balance centrifuge tubes? top or bottom picture?topwhat is the proper way to balance centrifuge tubes? top or bottom picture?
  33. 33what is the calculation for hematocrit packed red blood cell volume?(packed RBC/total volume)x100
  34. 34the hematocrit is (higher/lower) than normal if a patient has anemialower
  35. 35the hematocrit is (higher/lower) than normal is a patient has polycythemiahigher
  36. 36the hematocrit is (higher/lower) than normal if a patient has compensated blood losslower (but is not much lower than normal since plasma and RBCs are lost in equal proportions)
  37. 37the hematocrit is (higher/lower) than normal is a patient is suffering with dehydrationhigher
  38. 38the hematocrit is (higher/lower) than normal is a patient is blood dopinghigher
  39. 39what happens to the hematocrit when you have leukemialower hematocrit, larger Buffy coat
  40. 40this is determined by which antigen is present on a person's blood cellsblood typing
  41. 41Blood type A has these antibodies and can receive blood from ___ and donate blood to ___.anti-B antibodies. receive from A and O. donate to A and AB.
  42. 42Blood type B has these antibodies and can receive blood from ___ and donate blood to ___.anti-A antibodies. receive from B and O. give to B and AB.
  43. 43blood type AB has these antibodies and can receive blood from ___ and donate blood to ___.no antibodies. receive from A, B, AB, and O. give to AB.
  44. 44blood type O has these antibodies and can receive blood from ___ and donate blood to ___.anti-a and anti-b antibodies. receive from O. give to O, A, B, and AB.
  45. 45what is this blood type?A+what is this blood type?
  46. 46what is this blood type?AB-what is this blood type?
  47. 47when you plot the amount of oxyhemoglobin vs oxygen concentration you obtain aoxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
  48. 48hemoglobin exhibits this kind of bindingcooperative binding
  49. 49what is p50?half saturation pressure
  50. 50this shift to the Hb-O2 curve means p50 is higher, oxygen affinity is lower, there is more CO2, less H+, higher DPG, or higher temperatureright shift
  51. 51this shift to the Hb-O2 curve means p50 is lower, oxygen affinity is higher, there is less CO2, more H+, lower DPG, or colder temperatureleft shift
  52. 52this was used to monitor the proportion of oxyhemoglobin present in the samplespectrophotometer
  53. 53what wavelength do you use on the spectrophotometer for hemoglobin?660 nm
  54. 54this is the wavelength where the substance shows max absorbancelambda max
  55. 55this plot shows the intensity of color related to the amount of substance presentstandard curve
  56. 56Calculation for saturation of hemoglobin(A-B)/(A-C) X 100%
  57. 57For the saturation of hemoglobin, what did A, B and C stand for in the saturation equation?A - absorbance after deoxygenation
    B - absorbance after each step
    C - absorbance before deoxygenation
  58. 58this is the pressure at which half of hemes are bound to oxygenp50
  59. 59what is beers law and what does each component stand forA = EbC
    A - absorbance
    C - concentration of absorbing molecule
    E - molar absorptivity (measurement of how strongly it absorbs light)
    b - cell path length
  60. 60which has higher oxygen affinity? myoglobin or hemoglobin?myoglobin
  61. 61which has higher oxygen affinity? fetal hemoglobin or adult hemoglobin?fetal hemoglobin
  62. 62the positive electrode for ECG is placed on theleft arm
  63. 63the negative electrode for ECG is placed on theright arm
  64. 64the earth electrode for ECG is placed on theright leg
  65. 65what structure is labeled 1common carotid arterywhat structure is labeled 1
  66. 66what structure is labeled 2brachiocephalic trunkwhat structure is labeled 2
  67. 67what structure is labeled 3aortic archwhat structure is labeled 3
  68. 68what structure is labeled 4pulmonary arterywhat structure is labeled 4
  69. 69what structure is labeled 5pulmonary trunkwhat structure is labeled 5
  70. 70what structure is labeled 6thoracic aortawhat structure is labeled 6
  71. 71what structure is labeled 1subclavian arterywhat structure is labeled 1
  72. 72what structure is labeled 2axillary arterywhat structure is labeled 2
  73. 73what structure is labeled 3brachial arterywhat structure is labeled 3
  74. 74what structure is labeled 4radial arterywhat structure is labeled 4
  75. 75what structure is labeled 1abdominal aortawhat structure is labeled 1
  76. 76what structure is labeled 2celiac trunkwhat structure is labeled 2
  77. 77what structure is labeled 3superior mesenteric arterywhat structure is labeled 3
  78. 78what structure is labeled 4inferior mesenteric arterywhat structure is labeled 4
  79. 79what structure is labeled 1common iliac arterywhat structure is labeled 1
  80. 80what structure is labeled 2internal iliac arterywhat structure is labeled 2
  81. 81what structure is labeled 3external iliac arterywhat structure is labeled 3
  82. 82what structure is labeled 4femoral arterywhat structure is labeled 4
  83. 83what structure is labeled 1internal jugular veinwhat structure is labeled 1
  84. 84what structure is labeled 2brachiocephalic veinwhat structure is labeled 2
  85. 85what structure is labeled 3superior vena cavawhat structure is labeled 3
  86. 86what structure is labeled 4inferior vena cavawhat structure is labeled 4
  87. 87what structure is labeled 1subclavian veinwhat structure is labeled 1
  88. 88what structure is labeled 2axillary veinwhat structure is labeled 2
  89. 89what structure is labeled 3cephalic veinwhat structure is labeled 3
  90. 90what structure is labeled 4basilic veinwhat structure is labeled 4
  91. 91what structure is labeled 1hepatic veinwhat structure is labeled 1
  92. 92what structure is labeled 2hepatic portal veinwhat structure is labeled 2
  93. 93what structure is labeled 3renal veinswhat structure is labeled 3
  94. 94what structure is labeled 4inferior vena cavawhat structure is labeled 4
  95. 95what structure is labeled 1common iliac veinwhat structure is labeled 1
  96. 96what structure is labeled 2external iliac veinwhat structure is labeled 2
  97. 97what structure is labeled 3internal iliac veinwhat structure is labeled 3
  98. 98what structure is labeled 4great saphenous veinwhat structure is labeled 4
  99. 99what structure is labeled 5femoral veinwhat structure is labeled 5
  100. 100what is Apulmonary trunkwhat is A
  101. 101what is Baortawhat is B
  102. 102what is Csuperior vena cavawhat is C
  103. 103what is Dpulmonary veinwhat is D
  104. 104what is 2interventricular septumwhat is 2
  105. 105what is 3tricuspid valvewhat is 3
  106. 106what is 4bicuspid valvewhat is 4
  107. 107what is 5papillary musclewhat is 5
  108. 108what is 6pectinate musclewhat is 6
  109. 109what is 7chordae tendinaewhat is 7
  110. 110what is 1interventricular sulcuswhat is 1
  111. 111what is 8ventriclewhat is 8
  112. 112what is 9atriumwhat is 9
  113. 113what is 1subclavian arterywhat is 1
  114. 114what is 2common carotid arterywhat is 2
  115. 115what is 4 on the left side (anatomical position)aortic archwhat is 4 on the left side (anatomical position)
  116. 116what is 4 on the right side (anatomical position)brachiocephalic trunkwhat is 4 on the right side (anatomical position)
  117. 117what is 5ascending aortawhat is 5
  118. 118what is 6atriumwhat is 6
  119. 119what is 7ventriclewhat is 7
  120. 120arteries carry blood (away from/to) the heartaway from
  121. 121veins carry blood (away from/to) the heartto
  122. 122the size of the lumen is bigger on an artery or a veinvein
  123. 123the thickness of the wall is larger on an artery or a veinartery
  124. 124what is 1 and 21 - vein
    2 - artery    what is 1 and 2
  125. 125the lub sound (first heart sound) is created because these valves closeAV valves
  126. 126the dub sound (second heart sound) is created because these valves closeSL valves
  127. 127in this wave of the ecg, there is atrial depolarizationp wave
  128. 128in this wave of the ecg, there is atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarizationqrs wave
  129. 129in this wave of the ecg, there is ventricular repolarizationt wave
  130. 130how is p wave amplitude and duration affected after exerciseamplitude goes up and duration goes up
  131. 131how is qrs amplitude and duration affected after exerciseboth stay pretty similar
  132. 132how is the t wave amplitude and duration affected after exerciseamplitude increases and duration decreases
  133. 133when does the first heart sound happen based on an ecg0.05 seconds after R
  134. 134when does the second heart sound happen based on ecg0.05 seconds after T
  135. 135what is the calibration force for the force transducer setup49 mN
  136. 136the positive lead attaches to this part for the frog experimenthook with heart
  137. 137the negative lead attaches to this part for the frog experimentright shoulder
  138. 138the earth lead attaches to this part for the frog experimentleft thigh
  139. 139how many atria and ventricles do frogs have compared to humansfrogs have 2 atria and 1 ventricle
    humans have 2 atria and 2 ventricles
  140. 140is there oxygen separation in the frog heartno
  141. 141where are the pacemaker cells in a frog compared to humanfrog - SV node
    human - SA node
  142. 142a decrease in temperature results in this change in heart rate. this is because proteins and enzymes require higher temperatures to work efficiently.decrease in heart rate
  143. 143an increase in calcium concentrations leads to these changes in force and HR. the reasoning is that calcium facilitates the cross bridge formation between thick and thin filaments which increases contractility.increase in force, little or no increase in HR
  144. 144an increase is potassium concentration leads to this change in HR and force. this is because potassium depolarizes the membrane potential of pacemaker cells and decreases driving force.increase in HR then decrease in HR
    no change in force
  145. 145when adding isuprel to the frog heart, this is how HR and contractile force changed. This is because it activates beta1 adrenergic receptors which causes Gs stimulation, increases adenyl cyclase, increase cAMP, increase HCN channel activity, increase pKa, increase calcium concentration.increase HR
    increase contractile force
  146. 146when adding Ach to a frog heart, this happens to HR. This is because Ach activates muscarinic receptors and causes Gi stimulation which decreases adenyl cyclase, cAMP, HCN channel activity, decrease pKa, decrease calcium concentration.decrease HR
  147. 147When adding atropine then Ach to the frog heart, this is what happens to HR and force. This is because atropine is a plant alkaloid that blocks muscarinic receptors.normal HR
    normal force
  148. 148When mechanically stretching the frog heart, this is the expected observation. This is because of the frank-starling lawincrease contractile force
    no decline phase due to pericardium
  149. 149absolute refractory in a frog heart causes this channel to inactivateNa
  150. 150in frog heart experiment, which peak represents atrial contraction and ventricular contraction (big peak of little peak)atrial contraction - little peak
    ventricular contraction - big peak
  151. 151what are the primary lymphoid organsthymus
    bone marrow
  152. 152what are the secondary lymphoid organsspleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix
  153. 153this lymphoid organ is bi-lobed, Capsule- connective tissue Cortex- T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells Medulla- more mature T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, Hassall’s corpusclesthymus
  154. 154this region is the darker region of thymus due to presence of lymphocytes, in comparison to this region, which has less dense concentrationcortex - dark
    medulla - light
  155. 155this lymphoid organ filters blood and is the site of initiation of immune responsespleen
  156. 156this pulp in the spleen serves as site of storage of RBCs and filters themred pulp
  157. 157this pulp in the spleen contains clusters of T cells, B cells and Macrophageswhite pulp
  158. 158what is the difference between indirect and direct ELISA?indirect - antigen coated
    direct - antibody coated
  159. 159this lymphocyte doesn't involve antibodies, matures in the thymus, and directly kills infected host cellsT lymphocyte
  160. 160this lymphocyte secretes antibodies, matures in the thymus and bone marrow, and provides defense against pathogensB lymphocyte

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Flashcards on PNB 2265 Practical 1, created by Nicole Servetnik on 23/02/2022.
Created by
Nicole Servetnik · Feb 2022
Updated
Feb 24, 2022
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