Flashcards
Input, Output, and Storage - OCR Computer Science A Level
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is an Input Device?> Any device that allows information to be passed from the outside world to a computer
> Includes devices that scan real world objects, or devices that are used to enter data manually - 2What are some Examples of Input Devices?> Barcode readers
> Digital cameras / webcams
> Keyboard
> Mouse / trackpad
> Touchscreen
etc. - 3What is an Output Device?> Any device that allows information to be passed from a computer to the outside world
> Takes digital data (from a computer) and converts it to a real world, analogue format that humans can understand - 4What are some Examples of Output Devices?> Monitors
> Speakers
> Printers
> Actuators
> Projectors
etc. - 5What is a Storage Device?> Any device used for either temporary or permanent storage of data - internal or external
- 6What are the 3 (Main) Storage Types?> Optical
> Magnetic
> Solid State
(sorry vinyl records, you don't get a category) - 7Define the Following Storage-Related Terms: > Capacity > Speed > Durability > Reliability > Portability > Cost> Capacity - how much data can be stored on the medium (i.e., how many bytes)
> Speed - data transfer speed (e.g., MB/s)
> Durability - how easily damaged the medium is
> Reliability - how good is the medium's longevity (i.e., does it last a long time)
> Portability - how easy it is to move and share the medium
> Cost - how expensive it is to produce the medium (e.g., £/MB) - 8What is Optical Storage?> Data is stored on a disc
> Laser creates marks in a pattern across the disc (burning)
> Laser detects these marks from the inside out and translates them to a readable format (reading)
> Marks are pits and lands which represent 1s and 0s / binary data
> Write once, read only - surface of the disc is literally burnt
- Re-usable discs use a reversible reaction - 9What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Storage?> Cheap
> Portable
> Lightweight
> Durable (i.e., if dropped)
> Slow
> Not durable (i.e., scratched easily)
> Not reliable - 10What is Magnetic Storage?> Arm or head reads / writes across the medium by modifying the polarity of magnetic discs or tape
> Polarity represents binary data, thus can be re-written
> Disc based magnetic storage (e.g., HDDs)
- Data is stored in sectors within circular tracks
- Data becomes fragmented
> Tape based magnetic storage (e.g., reel to reel tapes)
- Data is stored across a tape, which may have multiple tracks for simultaneous reading - 11What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Magnetic Storage?> Large capacity (massive in case of tapes)
> Reliable, fairly durable (HDDs)
> Moderately priced (HDDs)
> Fairly fast transfer speed (HDDs)
> Dead cheap y'know (tapes)
> Not durable (i.e., if comes in contact with a magnet, data is removed)
> Slow (tapes - although is not a huge concern for the use case) - 12What is Solid State Storage?> Made of transistors (essentially tiny electronic switches... electronic as in with electrons, although they are also electronic as in electricity. so all type of electronics)
> Transistors' value represents binary data
> Transistors use an oxide layer to trap electrons when electricity is present (or in some cases electricity is only needed to change the transistor's value)
> No moving parts at all (solid state) - 13What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Solid State Storage?> Extremely fast transfer speed
> Very durable
> Extremely reliable
> Very portable
> Extremely expensive compared to other types - 14What is Virtual Storage?> Cloud storage
> Storing and retrieving data over the internet
> Presents an abstraction - data seen as one, unfragmented file may be split over multiple drives and media - 15What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Storage?> Data can be access at any time, any where an Internet connection is present
> Easy to collaborate and share files
> Can become very expensive to buy
> Requires the Internet
> Data access speed is dependent on Internet speed - 16What is Primary Storage?> Storage that the CPU can access quickly (compared to secondary storage)
> Small capacity
> Usually volatile
> Includes RAM, ROM, and registers - 17What is Secondary Storage?> Non-volatile
> Large(r) capacity
> Slow access speed compared to primary - physically further away (e.g., usually connected via a slow cable)
> Stores OS, applications, and files when they are not in use - 18What is Tertiary Storage?> Non-volatile storage away from a personal PC
> Used for long term backups of data
> Used in large facilities to store large amounts of data - 19What is RAM?> Random access memory
> Contains the OS (while the computer is running), open programs, and open files
> Contains the data / instructions being executed / executed on by the CPU
> Volatile - 20What is ROM?> Read only memory
> Non-volatile
> Contains the BIOS, which contains instructions on how to load the OS (mainly the OS' kernel)
Computer boots -> Load BIOS -> System Checks -> Load OS to RAM - 21What is Virtual Memory?> Secondary storage used as additional RAM
> CPU moves data that hasn't been recently used into virtual memory
> Extremely slow data transfer as compared to RAM
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- A level Computer Science (Input, Output, and Storage) Flashcards on Input, Output, and Storage - OCR Computer Science A Level , created by Malachy Moran-Tun on 12/05/2022.
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- Malachy Moran-Tun
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