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Description
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Malachy Moran-Tun
almost 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Briefly, what is the Teleological Argument? | > Umbrella term for arguments from design > Draw attention to the existence of design in the Universe as evidence for a designer (i.e., God) > Claims that order, benefit, purpose, and sustainability offer features which suggest that the Universe has a designer > Unlikely that they'd all occur by chance |
| What are the Different Versions of the Teleological Argument and their Key Thinkers / Documents? | > Aquinas' (1225 - 1274 / 13th Century) Teleological Argument - 5th way in Summa Theologicæ (1266 - 1273) > William Paley's (1743 - 1805) Teleological Argument (Watchmaker Analogy) in Natural Theology (1802) > F.R. Tennant's (1866 - 1957) Antropic & Aesthetic Principle in Philosophical Theology (1928) |
| What is the Difference between Design Qua Purpose and Design Qua Regularity? | > Purpose - arguments which seek to show that the Universe has a direction and a goal (telos) > Regularity - arguments which use the general pattern and order of the Universe |
| What was Aquinas' Fifth Way / Teleological Argument? | > Governance of the world > Design Qua Regularity > Things that lack knowledge act towards a goal / telos, always acting in the same way > Therefore, they achieve their goal, not by chance, but by being directed by a designer > Things without knowledge cannot move towards an end, unless being directed by something with knowledge and intelligence > Therefore, an intelligent being exists that guides natural things to their end > This being is God |
| What Analogy did Aquinas Give for his Teleological Argument? | > Archer and arrow analogy > For the arrow to reach its goal of a target, it is directed by the archer > Natural bodies (i.e., things lacking knowledge) act in a regular fashion, just like an arrow acts in a regular fashion > There must be a God acting as an "archer", guiding these natural bodies |
| What Analogy did Paley Give for his Teleological Argument? | > Watchmaker analogy > If you came across a pocketwatch and a stone on a heath, you wouldn't assume anything ofd the stone - there is nothing that leads you to believe it's on the heath for a reason > The pocketwatch has complicated, intricate, and purposeful design, so the same conclusion cannot be made > The watch was designed for a purpose, with necessary regularity > Nature is also designed for a purpose with necessary regularity, therefore it must have also been designed |
| What Examples did Paley Give to Demonstrate Design in Nature? | > The eye - similar to a telescope, there is proof that the eye was designed for the purpose of vision (design qua purpose) > Birds sitting on their eggs, butterflies laying their eggs on suitable plants / environments, planets and the existence of gravity and laws of motion (design qua regularity) |
| What is Tennant's Anthropic Principle? | > "New" version of the teleological argument, accepting both science (e.g., Dawin's theory of evolution) and the existence of God > Tennant and Polkinghorne > Universe appears to be structure to enable and sustain human life > Very minute changes would not allow life to be sustained (e.g., balance of hydrogen and carbon) > These intricasies in human's design could not be through chance > There must be a life giving factor > God must have designed the Universe in such a way that the Big Bang and evolution created a suitable environment for humans |
| What 3 Types of Evidence did Tennant Propose for the Anthropic Principle? | S.E.A.: S - Sustaining life (i.e., the world provides the necessary things to sustain human life) E - Evolution (i.e., evolution has led to the emergence of intelligent life, which can observe and analyse the Universe) A - Analyse (i.e., the world can be analysed in a rational manner and deduce its workings) |
| Quote for the Anthropic Principle | "the Universe must, in some sense, know that we were coming" - Freeman Dyson |
| What is Tennant's Aesthetic Principle | > The Universe is not only orderly, but possesses a natural beauty, beyond what is necessary for life > Some beauty is part of the natural order - e.g., changing colours of seasons > Argued that evolution cannot explain why humans feel a natural love and appreciation for the Earth's natural beauty, as well as appreciation for art, music, literature etc. > Therefore, an omnibenevolent God must have designed the world in such a way that humans would enjoy and appreciate His creation - a way of revelation |
| Quotes for the Aesthetic Principle | "Nature is not just beautiful in places; it is saturated with beauty" - F.R. Tennant, Philosophical Theology "God reveals himself in many ways; and some men enter His Temple by the Gate Beautiful" - F.R. Tennant, Philosophical Theology vol 2 (apparently, can't find it on Google) |
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