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Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the Von Neumann Architecture? | > Single shared memory and shared bus for data and instructions > Bus transfers either data or instructions > Bottleneck as the instruction cannot be completed until both data and instructions have been fetched and decoded |
| What is the Harvard Architecture? | > Two separate memory and data buses for data and instructions > Each memory has a dedicated bus which allows it to fetch data and instructions simultaneously > Expensive and complex to implement |
| What is the Contemporary Architecture? | > Uses aspects of both Von Neumann and Harvard > Von Neumann architecture is used for the main memory - contains a bottleneck > Harvard is used for the cache - data and instructions are fetched independently - no bottleneck |
| What is CISC Architecture? | > Complex Instruction Set Computing > Aims to complete the task in as few lines of assembly as possible > Processor hardware and circuitry has to be more complicated > Complex instructions that resembles high-level language > Complier has to do little work to translate the high-level language to assembly > Instructions may take more than one cycle - no pipelining > Used in PCs - x86 processors |
| What is RISC Architecture? | > Uses simple instructions that are executed within a single clock cycle > Instructions separated into smaller commands > More lines of code required - compiler has to do more conversion work & more RAM is required to store instructions > Processing takes up less energy; each instruction can be completed in a single clock cycle, and pipelining can be applied > Requires fewer transistors and less complex hardware, leaving more room for general purpose registers, cache, and therefore lower energy requirements > Used in smartphones, tablets, and embedded system via ARM processors |
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