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| Question | Answer |
| What is Longshore Drift a type of? | Transportation |
| How does Longshore Drift work? | Material is blown at an angle to the beach via the prevailing wind. Gravity then pulls the material at 90 degrees in the backwash. This repeats along the coast. |
| What may form behind spits? | Salt marshes may form in the sheltered area as the water is slow moving here, and there is more deposition of material. |
| What is Transportation? | The movement of beach material along a coastline |
| Give 3 features of a CONSTRUCTIVE wave | LOW energy wave, with a STRONG swash, but a WEAK backwash |
| What are the typical features of HARD Engineering? | Expensive, Unsustainable (short-term), Unattractive |
| What does the erosion CORROSION do? | Salts and acids in the water dissolve the rock gradually. |
| Give 3 features of a DESTRUCTIVE wave | HIGH energy wave, with a WEAK swash and STRONG backwash. |
| What are spits? | Extended beach material from the end of a beach, formed by L.S.D. out into the sea. The change in direction is from the changing wind direction. |
| What type of engineering is Rock Armour and what does it do? | Hard Engineering. Absorbs the energy of the waves, reducing their coastal impact. |
| Name the two main categories of wave and what they do | Constructive (build up beaches) and Destructive (take away beach material). |
| What type of engineering is Beach Nourishment, and what does it do? | Soft Engineering. Adding more sand to an existing beach to make it bigger and slow waves down. |
| What are the main two types of Coastal Management? | Hard and Soft Engineering |
| Name four types of erosion | Abrasion, Hydraulic Action, Attrition, Corrosion |
| What are the typical features of SOFT Engineering? | Cheaper, Sustainable (Long-Term), Subtle |
| What does the erosion ABRASION do? | Transports material that is thrown at the cliff and wears it away (like sandpaper) |
| What type of engineering are Groynes, and what do they do? | Hard Engineering. They 'catch' beach material from L.S.D |
| What does a beach made from DESTRUCTIVE waves look like? | Steep and Narrow |
| What does the erosion HYDRAULIC ACTION do? | Waves compress air into cracks in the cliff. This makes the cracks bigger and weakens the rock. |
| What does the erosion ATTRITION do? | Waves carry rocks that crash into each other, slowly making them smaller and smoother. |
| What type of engineering is Managed Retreat, and what does it do? | Soft Engineering. Allows the sea to flood the land, turning it into a salt marsh. This slows down the waves against the land and creates a nature reserve. |
| What does a beach made from CONSTRUCTIVE waves look like? | Wide and flat |
| What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management? | Management of areas inland from the coast and out into sea. It is NOT management of just the coast. |
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