3819298
Description
Flashcards by tiwariashley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by tiwariashley
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Functions of Circulatory System | Transportation regulation protection |
| Blood volume in males | 5-6 liters |
| Blood volume in females | 4-5 liters |
| Blood definition | specialized connective tissue which contains cellular and liquid components |
| What is the cellular component of blood? | Blood cells |
| What is the fluid portion of blood | plasma |
| hematocrit | the percentage of the blood volume that consists of red blood cells |
| what is the hematocrit in males | 42-52 percent |
| what is the hematocrit in females | 37-47 percent |
| Blood plasma | stay colored sticky fluid portion of blood that is 90 percent water |
| what are the three main plasma proteins | albumin globulins fibrinogen |
| albumin | produced by the liver and provides osmotic pressure |
| how is albumin used to provide osmotic pressure | it is needed to draw water from the surrounding tissue fluid into the capillaries |
| what are the three types of globulins | alpha beta gamma |
| where are alpha and beta globulin produced and what are their functions | produced in liver; they transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins and function in immunity |
| Fibrinogen | clotting factor produced by the liver |
| what is the fluid from clotted blood called | serum |
| What are the formed elements in blood plasma | blood cells RBCs WBCs platelets |
| each mercury molecule consists of how many globins? | 4 |
| heme | red pigmented molecule that contains iron |
| what combines with oxygen in the lungs to release oxygen in the tissues | the iron group of heme |
| What is the function of RBCs | transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| erythropoietin is produced and released | when cells do not have enough oxygen |
| Where is erythropoietin produced | 90 percent in glomeruli of kidney and the rest in the liver |
| erythropoietin stimulates | red blood cell production in bone marrow |
| how are aged RBCs removed from the blood | they are degraded and sent to the spleen |
| Leukocytes contain | nuclei and mitochondria and move in amoeboid fashion |
| What are the two types of WBCs? | Granular and granular |
| What are the two types of agranular leukocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
| what are the three types of granular leukocytes | eosinophils basophils neutrophils |
| what is the function of neutrophils | phagocytize bacteria |
| eosinophils | turn off allergic responses and kill parasites |
| basophils | release histamine and other mediators of inflammation |
| lymphocytes | direct cell attack with T cells or antibodies with B cells |
| monocytes | phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues |
| Lymphocytes compose what percentage ge of WBCs | 20-45 percent |
| Which WBC is most effective in fighting infectious organisms and act against a specific foreign molecules or antigens | Lymphocytes |
| Which WBCs nucleus stains dark purple | lymphocytes |
| What are the two main classes of lymphocytes | T cells and B cells |
| T cells | attack foreign cells directly |
| B cells | multiply to become plasma cells and secret antibodies |
| Monocytes compose what percentage of WBCs | 4-8 percent |
| Which WBC is the largest, are phagocytic cells and transform in macrophages? | monocytes |
| Monocytes have a nucleus that i what shape | kidney |
| Thrombocytes are known as | platelets |
| what are the function of platelets | blood clotting |
| Which hormone is secreted and causes constriction of blood vessels | serotonin |
| platelets secrete | growth factors and autocrat regulators |
| Erythropoiesis | formation of erythrocytes |
| leukopoiesis | the formation of leukocytes. |
| Myeloid tissue | red bone marrow of the long bones, sternum, pelvis, bodies of the vertebrae. |
| Lymphoid tissue | lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus. |
| Where are all blood cells produced? | bone marrow |
| Hematopoiesis gives rise to | blood cells that originate in the yolk sac of the embryo |
| In embryonic stage blood cells are produced in | liver of the fetus |
| Stem cells migrate to | bone marrow |
| blood stem cell | where all blood cells originate from |
| lymphoid stem cells give rise to | lymphocytes |
| myeloid stem cells | give rise to all other blood cells |
| the production of red blood cells and synthesis of hemoglobin depends on what nutrients | iron B12 Folic acid |
| pernicious anemia | deficiency of B12 |
| aplastic anemia | destruction of the bone marrow caused by chemicals or radiation |
| erythrocytes form from | pro erythroblasts |
| granulocytes form from | myeloblasts |
| mono blasts enlarge and form | monocytes |
| platelet forming cells originate from | megakaryoblasts |
| polycythemia | abnormal excess of erythrocytes |
| anemia | erythrocyte/ hemoglobin levels are low |
| normocytic anemia | caused from blood loss |
| microcytic anemia | iron deficiency |
| microcytic anemia | in B12 or folic acid deficiency |
| sickle cell disease | inherited disease where hemoglobin s is present; RBCs are in a sickle shape |
| leukemia | is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones; can be classified as lymphoblastic or myeloblastic |
| Thrombocytopenia | Abnormally low concentration of platelets |
| Bone marrow becomes major hematopoietic organ at what age | 7 months |
| Hemoglobin | helps carry oxygen |
| normal RBCs have what type of hemoglobin A C or S | A |
| What are the are abnormal types of hemoglobin. | S and C |
| treatment for sickle cell | They should take supplements of folic acid. Antibiotics and vaccines are given to prevent bacterial infections. |
| Lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia | affects white blood cells called lymphocytes, it produces large numbers of mature white blood cells (lymphocytes). |
| Myelogenous leukemia | affects white blood cells called myelocytes. It produces large numbers of immature and mature white blood cells (myelocytes). |
| Symptoms of leukemia | Fever and night sweats Headache Bleeding easily Bone or joint pain Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, neck Getting a lot of infections weakness Losing weight |
| treatment for leukemia | Chemotherapy Interferon-alpha (INFa) therapy Radiation therapy Stem cell transplantation |
| What are the three layers of blood vessels | Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa |
| Tunica externa | composed of connective tissue |
| Tunica media: | sheets of smooth muscle |
| Tunica intima | composed of simple squamous epithelium |
| vasoconstriction | contraction |
| vasodilation | Relaxation |
| Lumen | central blood-filled space of a vessel |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| veins | carry blood toward heart |
| capillaries | smallest blood vessels and are the site of exchange of molecules between blood and tissue fluid |
| Elastic arteries: | the largest arteries, High elastin Diameters range from 2.5 cm to 1 cm (aorta and its major branches), also called conducting arterie |
| Muscler arteries | (distributing) |
| - Arterioles | Smallest arteries |
| Blood pressure is much lower in the | veins |
| venules | small veins |
| Tunica externa is the thickest tunic in veins True or False | True |
| Low permeability capillaries: | Blood-brain barrier |
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