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Description
Flashcards by Jess Molyneux, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jess Molyneux
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the physical effects of a tropical storm at landfall? (Hint: there are 9) | Flooding - waves Lack of clean water (salt water, debris) Death, injury Destruction of property - homelessness Power cuts Lack of access / communications Resource loss - famine Disease |
| Name and locate a climatic hazard in an MEDC. (Bonus: when was this? Where did it hit and what was its subsequent path?) | Hurricane Katrina August 2005 Hit coast of Florida then veered inland to Louisiana and New Orleans |
| What height did the waves caused by Hurricane Katrina reach? | Over 40 ft |
| What speed did the gusts of Hurricane Katrina reach? | Up to 215 mph |
| List some social impacts of Hurricane Katrina. (Hint: there are 6) | Deaths (over 1,800) People traumatised Racial tensions exposed and intensified Population displaced and redistributed Insurance rates increased Contaminated water |
| How did the population of New Orleans change as a result of Hurricane Katrina? (Bonus: give a supporting date and figure) | Reduced by half (200, 000 - January 2006) |
| How did the population of Louisiana change as a result of Hurricane Katrina? (Bonus: give a supporting date and figures) | Declined by 4.7% Lost almost 220, 000 people (July 2006 - US census bureau) |
| How did the populations of Houston and Texas change as a result of Hurricane Katrina? | Increased by 35, 000 |
| List some economic impacts of Hurricane Katrina. (Hint: there are 4) | Money spent on repairs and reconstruction Jobs lost Oil spills Home-owners' insurance premium increased |
| How much money did the Bush Administration seek following the storm? (Bonus: what was this for?) | $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction |
| What costs did this figure not cover? | Interruption of oil supply Destruction of Gulf Coast highway infrastructure Exports of commodities e.g. grain |
| What was the total economic impact of Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and Mississippi? | Over $150 billion |
| What was the cost of the destroyed forest land? | $5 billion |
| List some environmental impacts of Hurricane Katrina. (Hint: there are 7) | Forest destroyed Oil spills Damage to oil platforms and refineries Flooding Closure of 16 National Wildlife Refuges Habitat loss Beach erosion |
| In South-eastern Louisiana, how many facilities experienced oil spills? (Bonus: how much oil leaked?) | 44 26 million litres |
| What made the flood waters particularly dangerous? | Contained raw sewage, bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides, toxic chemicals and oil |
| How did they deal with the flood waters? (Bonus: how long did this take?) | Pumped them into Lake Pontchartrain 43 days |
| How much forest land was destroyed? | 1.3 million acres |
| Where did beach erosion occur? What were the consequences? | Dauphin Island (90 miles east of landfall) Pushed towards land Sand transported into Mississippi Sound 217 sq miles transformed to water Loss of breeding ground for marine mammals |
| What prediction measures were in place for Hurricane Katrina? | Hurricane hunters (planes drop sensors) National Hurricane Centre predicted 36 hours before storm hit |
| What warnings were issued for Hurricane Katrina? (Bonus: how effective were these warnings?) | NHC - Hurricane watch - Gulf Coast NWS New Orleans - Warning bulletin State of emergency declared in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama 1.2 million people issued with evacuation warnings New Orleans mayor ordered evacuation (est. 80% heeded) |
| Give some examples of measures which the US Government and organisations took to manage the devastation which followed Hurricane Katrina. (Hint: there are 4) | US Coast Guard called on 400+ reserve members Aircraft from Aviation training centre - rescue operations 57 emergency shelters (Louisiana Superdome - 26, 000 people) - coastal areas Closure of schools and businesses - Miami |
| Name and locate a climatic hazard in an LEDC. (Bonus: when was this? Where did it hit and what was its subsequent path?) | Cyclone Nargis May 2008 Hit southwest Myanmar (country south west of Bangladesh) - moved inland but stayed along coast of Irrawaddy Delta |
| What height did the storm surges caused by Cyclone Nargis reach? | 7.6 metres |
| What speed did the winds of Cyclone Nargis reach? | 135 mph |
| How many people were severely affected by the cyclone? | 2.4 million |
| What was the death toll of Cyclone Nargis? How many people were missing? | Over 138,000 dead 50,000 missing |
| List 3 economic impacts of Cyclone Nargis. | $10 billion worth of damage Majority lost harvests (= income) 75% of buildings collapsed (95% on Delta) |
| List 2 environmental impacts of Cyclone Nargis. | Flood waters destroyed farmland (rice fields on Delta), livestock and fisheries Sewerage systems overwhelmed |
| What prediction measures were in place before Cyclone Nargis hit? | American Typhoon Warning Centre in Hawaii monitored storm |
| What warnings were offered for Cyclone Nargis? (Hint: there are 2) | Indian Meteorological Agency warned Burmese authorities of severity and location 48 hours before Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre provided Myanmar with model forecast 7 days in advance of storm |
| Why was the Government's response to Nargis not as good as could have been desired? | Military Government (Junta) did not want foreign workers to enter country and destabilise political oppression - they initially refused aid |
| What help did Myanmar receive eventually? | Food, medicine and basic supplies then later aid workers |
| What support did other countries give? (Hint: there are 5 examples, some with supporting detail) | Italy - Food supplies Bangladesh - Experienced aid workers Indian army and navy - 140 tonnes of tents, blankets and medicine, 50 medical personnel, 2 hospitals UK - £17 million, relief team US - $41 million, American Red Cross helpers |
| What warnings were issued to the people of Myanmar? | Some through the media - severity and course of action unclear |
| In what way was management of the disaster poor? (Hint: there are 4) | Only 10% offered some form of aid - kept in major cities not rural areas Foreign workers very restricted Army harassed volunteers Journalists prevented from coverage |
| What factors worsened the impact of Nargis? (Hint: there are 3) | Emergency services unprepared Inadequate protection in towns Destruction of natural defences |
| What had happened to the natural defences in Myanmar? | Mangrove swamps destroyed and turned into money making areas (including 83% of those in affected areas) Natural barriers to stop storm surges (root systems slow water flow, catch material and absorb wave energy) |
| List some measures which may be put in place to cope with tropical storms and their effects. | Educate people Plant trees along coast - shelter belt New levees (reduce impact of wind/surges) Tidal gates (closed to prevent flooding) Powerful pumps, above water supply |
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