38703604
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* [Barrett's Esophagus] * The two endoscopic views demonstrate Barrett Esophagus areas of mucosal erythema of the lower esophagus, with islands of normal pale esophageal squamous mucosa. |
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* [Barrett's Esophagus] * Gastric-type mucosa above the gastroesophageal junction. Note the columnar epithelium (left) and squamous epithelium (right). This is "typical" as there is intestinal metaplasia as well. Left: see goblet cells in the columnar mucosa. |
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* [Esophageal Varices] * Pict. in lower esophagus (turned inside out). Varices are linear dark blue submucosal dilated veins prone to bleeding. In portal HTN pts (typ. micronodular cirrhosis from chronic alcoholism), the varices become dilated. |
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Eosinophilic Esophagitis |
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Eosinophilic Esophagitis |
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* [Esophageal Sq. Cell Carcinoma] * An irregular reddish, ulcerated exophytic mid-esophageal mass on the mucosal surface. Endoscopy shows the tumor is causing lumenal stenosis. Risk factors for esophag. SC carcinoma incl smoking & alcoholism (U.S.); or diet (global). |
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* [Esophageal Sq. Cell Carcinoma] * Upper left: the mid-esophageal squamous esophageal mucosa has been infiltrated & separated by SCC. Right: Solid nests of neoplastic cells are infiltrating down thru the submucosa. Surgical removal is difficult as Esophageal cancers often metastasize. |
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* [Acute Gastritis] * This is a more typical acute gastritis with a diffusely hyperemic gastric mucosa. There are many causes for acute gastritis: alcoholism, drugs, infections, etc. |
| *[Chronic Gastritis -- Pernicious Anemia]* With Chronic Atrophic Gastritis autoantibodies block or bind Intrinsic Factor (IF). Also shown here are anti-parietal cell auto-antibodies. Bright green immunofluorescence is seen in the gastric mucosa parietal cells. | |
| * [Peptic Ulcer - Gastric] * ALL gastric ulcers are biopsied since gross inspection alone cannot determine whether a lesion is malignant. Note that smaller, more sharply demarcated ulcers are more likely to be benign. | |
| * [Peptic Ulcer - Gastric] * Microscopically, the ulcer here is sharply demarcated, with normal gastric mucosa on the left falling away to the right into a deep ulcer whose base contains inflamed, necrotic debris. An arterial branch at the ulcer base is eroded and bleeding. | |
| Gastric Adenocarcinoma CANCER Signet Ring Cells | |
| * [Pseudomembranous Colitis] * Pseudomembrane is composed of inflammatory cells, necrotic epithelium, and mucus in which the microorganism overgrowth occurs. | |
| * [Celiac Sprue] * Normal (left); Celiac Sprue (right) showing blunting and flattening of villi. | |
| * [Crohn's Disease] * Bowel has a thickened wall and the mucosa has lost the regular folds. | |
| * [Crohn's Disease] * Fistula formation. | |
| * [Ulcerative Colitis] * Pseudopolyps are the remaining islands of eroded mucosa. | |
| * [Ulcerative Colitis] * UC is confined to the mucosa which is eroded by an ulcer that undermines the surrounding mucosa. | |
| * [Ischemic Bowel Disease] * Mucosa shows marked hyperemia due to the ischemic enteritis | |
| * [Colonic Diverticula] * Shown along a descending colon piece. | |
| * [Internal Hernia] * Forceps extend through an internal hernia. | |
| * [Cecal Volvulus] * Common in adults, in small intestine and colon equally occurring. In very young children it occurs usually in the small intestine. | |
| * [Tubular Adenoma] * Benign. Is crowded, disorganized, and with less goblet cells compared to the normal colonic mucosa underneath. Polyp also has HYPERchromatic nuclei. | |
| * [FAP - Familial Adenomatous Polyposis] * Presents as a carpet of small adenomatous polyps. Has 100% risk to become an ADENOCARCINOMA. Tx is a total colectomy done by age 20. | |
| * [Colorectal Carcinoma] * the adenocarcinoma is encircling. From the rectosigmoid region. | |
| * [Acute Appendicitis] * With yellow to tan exudate and hyperemia, incl the peri-appendiceal fat superiorly, rather than a smooth, glistening pale tan serosal surface. |
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