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| Question | Answer |
| Fascism | A political system where society rights are more important than individual rights. Extreme right-wing of government. Fascism became more popular in Canada and other countries after the Great depression in the 1930s. Unrest of the WW1 caused the intial rise of fascism. |
| Nazism | A form of military dictatorship based on absolute loyalty, racism, and violence. Hitler's brand of fascism. Hitler's Nazism led to discrimination towards Jews and the idea that Germany can conquer the world - WW2 which involved Canada |
| Dictatorship | A state controlled by a rule with unrestricted authority. Benito Mussolini took power in Italy in the first fascist dictatorship in Europe. P.M. King of Canada declared war on Mussolini's fascist government. Italian-Canadians labelled as "enemy aliens" and were interned. |
| Communism | A society where every ones equal. Everything owned as a whole community not individually. In Canada P.M. King believed taking sides in the Civil War of Spain threatened national unity. The Communist Party of Canada supported the left-wing government. King banned Canadians from fighting in foreign wars - over 1500 Canadians defied the law and went to fight in Spain. |
| Left-wing | A political term that describes ideas that support socialism not individualism. During the great depression many Canadians wanted the left-wing system, which encouraged government involvement in the economy and social equality is more important than personal wealth. |
| Final Solution | The plan enacted by the Nazis in 1942 to exterminate all Jews in Nazi-controlled Europe. Canada refused to take Jewish refugees. Jews went to Netherlands and were killed when Germany took over. Canadians realized mistake - now take in more refugees. |
| Sanctions | Military or economic actions by a country or a group of countries to force another country to conform to an international agreement or standard of behaviour. P.M. King refused to support sanctions by League of Nations when Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931. |
| Censorship | A government review of media before public release, to ensure nothing is inappropriate or wrong. Hitler imposed censorship to silence political opposition to gain control over Germany quickly. |
| Aryan Race | A person of old German heritage - pure German. Considered main race by Hitler. Aryan race went against Jews - WW2 - Canada involved, didn't take in Jewish prisoners - liberated camps in 1945. |
| 'Kristallnacht' | A series of deadly attacks against Jews (Night of broken glass). The world didn't really respond to the issue rising in Germany except some verbal comments, PM King refused to take in refugees - Foreshadowed response to the "Final Solution" (no one really cared). |
| Concentration Camp | Where Jewish prisoners are executed or confined. Canadian army had no idea about the camps going on and allied forces liberated the camps in 1945 when war came to an end. |
| Anti-Semitism | Hostility towards Jews. Anti-semitism occurred in Canada as well - Jews discriminated because of having different religion and values - Hatred towards Jews increased during the depression - Thought as radicals. |
| Munich Agreement | Sep 1938 - Agreement that Hitler can conquer Sudetenland but cannot take anymore of the territories. Hitler discarded agreement - Joined Benito Mussolini to form Axis powers - Continued taking over more of Europe - Canada declared war independently for the first time along with Britain and France. |
| Dustbowl | Period of severe dust storms - Also known as 'Dirty Thirties'. Caused by drought and failure of applying dry land farming methods. Greatly damaged agriculture and ecology of Canadian prairies in 1930s. |
| D-Day | First successful attack on the Germans in Normandy. Allies successfully invaded Europe. Following D-day Allied forces pushed Germans east - reduced German power and forced them to retreat. |
| VE Day | May 8, 1945 - Victory of Europe - end of war. Following D-day, Allied forces pushed Germans east, liberating countries and Jewish prisoners. Hitler committed suicide out of fear, after Mussolini was killed by his own people. |
| SS St. Louis | June 1939 - About 1000 Jewish refugees sailed on SS St. Louis across the Atlantic looking for safety. Canada rejected pleas of Jews and non-Jews and didn't accept refugees. Ship returned to Europe. About half the prisoners died in Nazi concentration camps. |
| Dunkirk | German troops advancing across the country. British troops raced to defend France but both troops were trapped by German army at the Channel coast of Dunkirk. About 300 000 British soldiers evacuated from Dunkirk to England. Canada's role became one of defense of the British Isles (small islands). British stood alone against the Axis powers. |
| Battle of Ortona | Took place in Ancient town n the Adriatic coast. Canadian soldiers traveled on foot across town to dive German troops out of Ortona. Used the 'mouse-holing' technique which became a model for urban welfare. Biggest test for Canadian troops. For a week Canada fought a fierce battle. Succeeded in driving Germans out of Ortona 2 days after Christmas. Over 2300 Canadian officers and soldiers died. |
| Battle of Britain | Hitler planned to bomb Britain and advance to a direct invasion. Started bombing major cities. In response 80 Canadian pilots joined Britain's air force - in the early days 16 Canadian pilots died - over time rates improved - Ended up as first victory for Britain. |
| Battle of Hong Kong | Japanese troops defeated Chinese troops - British PM feared Japan will attack Hong Kong next - Asked Canada to depend Hong Kong. Canada defended the colony for 17 days before British commander surrendered. Japanese believe in not surrendering - disrespected Allies - Treated Canadian soldiers with cruelty when held captive - Allies called it "Black Christmas". |
| Dieppe | Allies plan to retake Europe. Major battle between Germans and Canadians. First major battle on the Western Front was a disaster for Canadians - 913/5000 soldiers who took part died, and 1950 were taken as prisoners of war. Allies changed strategies and plan on taking over Europe. |
| Cold War | Cold war started between U.S and the Soviet Union after the bombing in Japan and end of war. Canada contributed armed forces to peacekeeping operations across the world. Canadian army prepared for a possible war against the Soviets in Europe. |
| The Holocaust | 'Final Solution' of killing all of Jew kind. Led to torturing Jews in several camps. Allied forces liberated camps when moving through Europe. World witnessed the horror and brutality that happens when hatred over-rules humanity. |
| Bombing in Japan | U.S dropped 2 bombs on Japan - Many killed, others died from radiation poisoning years after. After 2nd bombing, Japan surrendered - End of WW2 in the Pacific. Birth of Atomic Age - Canadian and American scientists worked together to make world's fist atomic bomb. |
| Great Depression | A time of economic hardship when many countries experienced decrease in manufacturing and trade along with high unemployment rates. Affected Canada after it hit U.S with the stock market crash. Created high unemployment rates and political issues. |
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