Photosynthesis

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Flashcards on Photosynthesis , created by Jess M. on 14/12/2015.
Jess M.
Flashcards by Jess M., updated more than 1 year ago
Jess M.
Created by Jess M. over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Photon A packet of light
Chlorophyll the light-absorbing green-coloured pigment that begins the process of photosynthesis
Chloroplast a membrane bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis
Stroma the protein-rich semiliquid material in the interior of a chloroplast
Thylakoid a system of interconnected flattened membrane sacs forming a separate compartment within the stroma of a chloroplast
Grana (singular: granum) stacks of thylakoids
Lamellae (singular: lamella) groups of unstacked thylakoids between grana
Thylakoid Membrane the photosynthetic membrane within a chloroplast that contains light-gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains
Thylakoid Lumen the fluid-filled space inside a thylakoid
ATP a molecule containing three high-energy phosphate bonds that acts as the primary energy-transferring molecule in living organisms
ADP a molecule containing two high-energy phosphate bonds that may be formed by breaking one of the phosphate bonds in ATP
NADP+ a compound that accepts one hydrogen atom and two electrons, forming NADPH; is an electron acceptor
NADPH a compound that donates one hydrogen atom and two electrons to another molecule, to reform NADP+; is an electron donor
Light-dependent reactions the first set of reactions of photosynthesis in which light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules, powers chemiosmotic ATP synthesis, and results in the reduction of NADP
Carbon fixation the process of incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules
Calvin Cycle a cyclic set of reactions occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts that fixes the carbon of CO2 into carbohydrate molecules and recycles coenzymes
Light-independent Reactions the second set of reactions in photosynthesis (the Calvin cycle); these reactions do not require solar energy
Photosystem a cluster of photosynthetic pigments embedded in a thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that absorbs light energy
Electron Transport Chain a series of progressively stronger electron acceptors; each time an electron is transferred, energy is released
Photolysis a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light; in photosynthesis, water molecules are split by photolysis
Oxidation a reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons
Reduction a reaction in which an atom or molecule gains electrons
ATP synthase complex a specialized protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions to escape from the lumen and uses the resulting energy to generate ATP
Chemiosmosis a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme
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