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Flashcards by ashiana121, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ashiana121
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does secularisation refer to? | The decline in importance of religion |
| What is meant by the 'golden age' of religion? | When religion was at its most relevant - 1851 over nearly half the population went to church on Sundays |
| Since then there has been a ________ in the proportion of the population going to church | Decline |
| An increase in the average ___ of churchgoers | Age |
| Fewer ________ and _____ _________ | Baptisms Church weddings |
| A decline in numbers holding traditional _________ ________ | Christian beliefs |
| Greater _______ ________ including more non-Christian religions | Religious diversity |
| Who argues that Western societies have been undergoing a long-term process of secularisation? | Bryan Wilson |
| What percentage of the adult population attend church? (2015) | 6.3% |
| What does the English Church Census (2006) show? | Church attendance of larger organisations (CofE, Catholic) have declined more than smaller ones, some of which have grown or remained stable |
| Despite this, why is the overall trend in church attendance still a decline? | The increase in attendance in the small organisations doesn't make up for the decline in the larger ones |
| ________ _____ is declining in line with the decline in church attendance and membership | Religious belief |
| In which way has religions influence on wider society declined? (education) | Churches used to provide education but now it is provided mainly by the state |
| In what way do faith schools have to conform to the states regulations? | Teaching the national curriculum |
| How does the number of clergy affect secularisation? | Fewer clergy in local communities means the day to day influence of the church is reduced |
| What are the names of the three theories that explain secularisation? | Rationalisation Structural differentiation Social, cultural and religious diversity |
| What is a common theme for explaining the process of secularisation? (starts with M) | Modernisation |
| What does modernisation involve? | The reduction in tradition and its replacement with rational and scientific ways of thinking |
| How does secularisation emphasise the affect of social change on religion? | Industrialisation lead to the break up of communities which were once held in place by religion |
| What is the other theme in the explainations of secularisation? | Growth of social and religious diversity |
| What two things do secularisation theorists argue the growth of diversity has undermined about religion? | - The authority of religious institutions - The credibility of religious beliefs |
| Who's explaination for secularisation is 'rationalisation'? | Max Weber |
| What does rationalisation refer to? | The process by which rational forms of thinking and understanding replace religious ones |
| What does Max Weber argue about the Protestant Reformation (16th century)? | - it started a process of rationalisation in the West - this process undermined the religious world-view of the medieval time/middle ages and replaced it with the rational scientific outlook found in modern society |
| How did the medieval Catholic world-view see the world? | As an enchanted/magical garden |
| What types of things were thought to be present and influential in the world? | God Spiritual beings Devils Angels |
| Humans could try and influence these beings in their favour by means such as what? (3) | Prayers Spells Pilgrimages |
| What word is given to the process by which Protestantism saw God as transcendent, removing magical/religious ways of thinking and therefore starting the rationalisation process? | Disenchantment |
| Using _______ and _______, humans could discover the laws of nature and predict how the world works and control it through technology | reason and science |
| What do technological advances allow humans to do? | Have more and more control and power over nature |
| What does this do to the religious world-view? | Undermines it |
| Who follows on from this and argues that a 'technological world-view' has largely replaces religious/supernatural explanations? | Bruce |
| What does Bruce conclude? | Science doesn't make people atheist but the world-view it encourages results in people taking religion less seriously |
| Who's theory is 'structural differentiation'? | Talcott Parsons |
| What is structural differentiation? | The process of specialisation that occurs with the development of industrial society |
| How does structural differentiation lead to the disengagement of religion? | The functions once performed by religion are transferred to other institutions and the church becomes disconnected from wider society |
| What things has the church largely lost its influence in? | Education Social welfare The law |
| What does Bruce mean when he says that religion has become privatised? | Religion has become confined to the private sphere of the home/family Religious beliefs are now largely a matter of personal choice |
| As a result what has happened to traditional rituals and symbols? | They have lost meaning |
| Even where religion continues to perform functions such as education and social welfare, what must it do? | Conform to requirements of the secular state |
| What is an example of this in the education system? | Teachers in faith schools need to have qualifications that are recognised by the state |
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