Milgram and Bocchiaro

Question	Answer
What was the aim of Milgram's study?	The aim of the study was to investigate the tendency for destructive obedience on taking orders from a person in authority that would result in pain and harm for another person.
How did Milgram select his sample and who were the participants?	A volunteer/self-selecting sample (from a newspaper advertisement) consisting of 40 males.
How did Milgram carry out his study (method)?	The participants took the role of the teacher, giving what they thought were painful electric shocks to a confederate whom they believed to be a fellow participant taking the role of the learner.
What were the voltages on the shocking system?	The voltages were rising in 15-volt intervals from 15v to 450v.
What study did Milgram use?	Laboratory experiment.
What were some of the results from Milgram's study?	100% of participants gave at least 300v and 65% gave the full 450v. most participants displayed signs of stress while giving the shocks.
What can be concluded from Milgram's study?	People are surprisingly obedient to orders given by people in authority. However they become distressed when obeying orders to hurt another person.
What was ecological validity like in Milgram's study?	Milgram's study was low in ecological validity because it cannot be represented in everyday life.
What was experimental validity like in Milgram's study?	Milgram's study was high in experimental validity because the participants really believed the reality of the situation.
What was the reliability like in Milgram's study?	Milgram's study was high in reliability because the result of the procedure were proven to be very consistent.
What were the ethics like in Milgram's study?	Milgram's study was very unethical because participants suffered from considerable distress; there was no actual informed consent; there was no right to withdraw; participants were also deceived.
How was Milgram's study different from Bocchiaro's study?	Ethically controversial study; all male sample; additional measures were qualitative, including observations and transcripts; applicable to real world atrocities.
What are the similarities between Milgram and Bocchiaro's study?	Both investigated obedience to direct orders to harm others; laboratory procedures with a single condition; samples recruited using an advert; collected quantitative data in the form of obedience rates.
How was Bocchiaro's study different from Milgram's study?	Researches used elaborate ethical safeguards; mixed sex sample; additional measures were quantitative; applicable to whistle blowing in the workplace.
What is "whistle blowing"?	Whistle blowing involves informing the appropriate authorities about unethical practice, in particular unethical professional practice.
What was the aim of Bocchiaro's study?	To see how many people will comply with an unethical request and how many will respond by 'whistle blowing' to a higher authority. A secondary aim was to compare actual rates of disobedience and whistle blowing to estimated rates.
How did Bocchiaro select his sample and who were the participants?	Undergraduate students from the VU University of Amsterdam; recruited through advertisement flyers 92 people took part in the 8 pilot studies; further 149 (96 women, 53 men) for the actual procedure; in addition 138 different participants surveyed about the studies predictions.
How did Bocchiaro carry out his study (method, part1)?	149 students were given an unethical request, to write a statement designed to convince other students to participate in a traumatic sensory deprivation experiment. Participants were then left alone to see what they would do.
How did Bocchiaro carry out his study (method, part2)?	In a separate procedure 138 students were told about the scenario and asked both what they would do, and what they thought the average student would do.
What were some of the results of Bocchiaro's study?	When questioned, most participants said that they would report the unethical experiment and the average student would disobey. However, 76.5% actually obeyed and only 9.4% 'blew the whistle'.
What were the conclusions from Bocchaio's study?	Although most people believe they will disobey unethical instructions and report unethical conduct,in practice the majority comply with unethical instructions.
What study did Bocchiaro use?	Laboratory procedure.
What were the ethics of Bocchiaro's study?	Low in stress; not "prodded" into an answer/action/decision; chance to withdraw. However there was a little deceit.
What was the ecological validity like in Bocchiaro's study?	A lab study to represent a real life study but in a lab, so artificial surroundings weren't too unnatural so ecological validity was good.

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	Created by chloe.obrien988 over 8 years ago