Biology Keyword test (1)

Question	Answer
Pathogen	An organism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi and all viruses
Chromatin	A complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones), which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division
Lysosome	Organelles containing a large range of digestive enzymes used primarily for digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Nucleolus	The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA.
Vacuole	A membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell whose function includes intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion.
Eukaryotic	An organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus.
Scanning Electron Microscope	A type of electron microscope capable of producing high resolution images of a sample surface.
Magnification	(1) The act or process of enlarging the physical appearance or image of something. (2) The state of something being magnified or represented by an amplified image or model. (3) The power to magnify or scale up the image or appearance of something.
Micrometre	An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects
Water potential	The measure of the relative tendency of water to move from one area to another, and is commonly represented by the Greek letter Ψ (Psi).
Phagocytosis	The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte (e.g. macrophage) to form a phagosome (or food vacuole), which in turn fuse with lysosome and become phagolysosome where the engulfed material is eventually digested or degraded and either released extracellularly via exocytosis, or released intracellularly to undergo further processing.
Humoral immunity	A form of immunity whereby b lymphocytes and plasma cells produce antibodies to foreign agents (antigens) and stimulate t lymphocytes to attack them (cellular immunity).
Pharynx	The cavity at the back of the mouth
Bronchus	Any of the larger air passages of the lungs, having an outer fibrous coat with irregularly placed plates of hyaline cartilage, an interlacing network of smooth muscle and a mucous membrane of columnar ciliated epithelial cells.
Aorta	The largest artery in the body which has its origin at the heart.
Superior Vena Cava	The major venous channel draining the thorax and head which ends in the right atrium.
Genetic code	Relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesised from it.
Chromosome	A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, or as a circular strand of DNA
Histone	Proteins that dna tightly coils around to form chromosomes.
DNA Polymerase	Enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of dna from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates.
Immunity	The condition of being immune, the protection against infectious disease conferred either by the immune response generated by immunisation or previous infection or by other nonimmunologic factors.
Double helix	A conformation or shape describing a structure that typically consists of two matching helices intertwined about a common axis, such as the structure of the DNA molecule, which is made of two linear strands held together in opposite direction through chemical bonds, and which has become twisted into a helix
Nucleotide	The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
Adenine	A nitrogenous base, one member of the basepair a-T (thymine).
Secondary Structure	A structure of a biological molecule characterized by the local folding within the biopolymer as a result of hydrogen bonding (within the biopolymer).

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Biology Keyword test (1)

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	Created by kellylevett over 10 years ago