4368016
Description
Flashcards by Renáta Ádám, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Renáta Ádám
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Definition of rhetoric | art of persuasion, eloquence classification, study of tropes part of Medieval pedagogy (grammar, logic, rhetoric) rhetoric of science, politics, etc. limit-point of dichotomies (literal-figurative, ordinary-poetic language,philosophy-poetry,content-form/substance-appearance) |
| Anti-rhetorical stance | against rhetorical use of language the Sophists, Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, Bacon it is just cosmetics, no need for facts puritan ideal of plain style |
| Rhetoric as appropriate | Aristotle: poetry Cicero, Quintilian: civilizing the crowd through reason and eloquence eloquence comes from good character, grasp of truth |
| Definition of metaphor | meta+pherein ‘the supreme ornament of style’ ‘seasoning of the meat’ transference, giving a different name for something |
| Theories of metaphor | 1. deviation: language takes a detour 2. substitution: replacing a literal expression with a metaphorical one 3. interaction: two thoughts of a thing, active together and supported by the same word or phrase |
| Views of metaphor | classical: decoration romantic: vehicle of truth, essence of language Shelley: language is vitally metaphorical surprise effect A. Breton: game of surrealists everything can be redescribed in terms of something else |
| Cognitive theory of metaphor | metaphors cannot be retranslated, they acquire new meaning “a good metaphor implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilars” (Aristotle) |
| Metaphor ~ model | model: a hypothesis that tries to break down an inadequate interpretation by means of fiction new idea - metaphor the unknown is described through the known |
| Nietzsche about metaphor | language is not about truth, but our relationship to the world, we only have metaphors, tropes concepts are not the origin but the residue of metaphors truths are illusions |
| Reliteralisation | man: metaphorical animal is all language figurative? |
| I. A. Richards | no proper meanings the constancy of meaning is the constancy of context (meaning is carried by the text) words: general categories language is prosopopoeia, catachresis |
| Other tropes | simile, Synecdoche, prosopopoeia, allegory, symbol, synaesthesia, oxymoron, paradox, zeugma, euphemism, metonymy |
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